Uthayaseelan Kivonika, Kadari Monika, Subhan Muhammad, Saji Parel Nisha, Krishna Parimi Vamsi, Gupta Anuradha, Uthayaseelan Kamsika
Internal Medicine, All Saints University School of Medicine, Roseau, DMA.
Internal Medicine, Bhaskar Medical College, Hyderabad, IND.
Cureus. 2022 May 2;14(5):e24669. doi: 10.7759/cureus.24669. eCollection 2022 May.
Thyroid hormones (TH) regulate growth, nervous system myelination, metabolism, and physiologic functions in nearly every organ system. Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is one of the most common endocrinopathies in children and has potentially devastating neurologic and developmental consequences. The etiology and clinical manifestations of hypothyroidism in children differ from adults. And hence, pediatric medical care requires a detailed understanding of thyroid function and dysfunction in children. The perinatal risk factors include female sex, preterm birth, low birth weight, postmature birth, additional birth abnormalities, and being delivered in multiple births. In countries where newborn screening is practiced, CH is detected after birth through screening tests. It aids in determining the underlying cause, though some patients may be able to start treatment without these tests. Early detection and treatment prevent irreversible and permanent nervous system damage. Thus, in addition to exploring the development of CH, this article has also covered the epidemiological data, clinical aspects, and management stemming from pediatric hypothyroidism.
甲状腺激素（TH）调节生长、神经系统髓鞘形成、新陈代谢以及几乎每个器官系统的生理功能。先天性甲状腺功能减退症（CH）是儿童最常见的内分泌疾病之一，可能会对神经和发育造成毁灭性后果。儿童甲状腺功能减退症的病因和临床表现与成人不同。因此，儿科医疗需要详细了解儿童的甲状腺功能及功能障碍情况。围产期危险因素包括女性、早产、低出生体重、过期产、其他出生异常以及多胎分娩。在实行新生儿筛查的国家，CH在出生后通过筛查检测出来。这有助于确定潜在病因，不过有些患者可能无需这些检测就能开始治疗。早期发现和治疗可预防不可逆的永久性神经系统损伤。因此，除了探讨CH的发病情况外，本文还涵盖了儿科甲状腺功能减退症的流行病学数据、临床情况及治疗方法。
