Karimi Behrooz, Moradzadeh Rahmatollah, Samadi Sadegh
Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Faculty, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Department of Epidemiology, Health Faculty, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
Atmos Pollut Res. 2022 Jul;13(7):101463. doi: 10.1016/j.apr.2022.101463. Epub 2022 May 31.
Exposure to air pollution can exacerbate the severe COVID-19 conditions, subsequently causing an increase in the death rate. In this study, we investigated the association between long-term exposure to air pollution and risks of COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality in Arak, Iran. Air pollution data was obtained from air quality monitoring stations located in Arak, including particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO), ozone (O) and carbon monoxide (CO). Daily numbers of Covid-19 cases including hospital admissions (hospitalization) and deaths (mortality) were obtained from a national data registry recorded by Arak University of Medical Sciences. A Poisson regression model with natural spline functions was applied to set the effects of air pollution on COVID-19 hospitalization and mortality. The percent change of COVID-19 hospitalization per 10 μg/m increase in PM and PM were 8.5% (95% CI 7.6 to 11.5) and 4.8% (95% CI 3 to 6.5), respectively. An increase of 10 g/m in PM resulting in 5.6% (95% CI: 3.1-8.3%) increase in COVID-19 mortality. The percent change of hospitalization (7.7%, 95% CI 2.2 to 13.3) and mortality (4.5%, 95% CI 0.3 to 9.5) were positively significant per one ppb increment in SO, while NO, O and CO were inversely associated with hospitalization and mortality. Our findings strongly suggesting that a small increase in long-term exposure to PM, PM and SO2 elevating risks of hospitalization and mortality related to COVID-19.
暴露于空气污染中会加剧新冠重症病情，进而导致死亡率上升。在本研究中，我们调查了伊朗阿拉克长期暴露于空气污染与新冠住院及死亡风险之间的关联。空气污染数据来自阿拉克的空气质量监测站，包括颗粒物（PM）、二氧化氮（NO）、二氧化硫（SO）、臭氧（O）和一氧化碳（CO）。新冠病例的每日数据，包括住院（入院治疗）和死亡（死亡率），来自阿拉克医科大学记录的国家数据登记处。采用带有自然样条函数的泊松回归模型来确定空气污染对新冠住院和死亡率的影响。PM每增加10μg/m³和PM每增加10μg/m³时，新冠住院率的百分比变化分别为8.5%（95%置信区间7.6至11.5）和4.8%（95%置信区间3至6.5）。PM每增加10μg/m³会导致新冠死亡率增加5.6%（95%置信区间：3.1 - 8.3%）。SO每增加1ppb，住院率（7.7%，95%置信区间2.2至13.3）和死亡率（4.5%，95%置信区间0.3至9.5）的百分比变化呈显著正相关，而NO、O和CO与住院率和死亡率呈负相关。我们的研究结果有力地表明，长期暴露于PM、PM和SO₂中少量增加会提高与新冠相关的住院和死亡风险。
