Departments of Rheumatology and Research and Development, Dudley Group NHS Foundation Trust (Teaching Trust of the University of Birmingham, UK), Russells Hall Hospital, Dudley, UK.
Department of Health Policy and Management, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan.
J Korean Med Sci. 2022 Jun 6;37(22):e174. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2022.37.e174.
Global health is evolving as a discipline aiming at exploring needs and offering equitable health services for all people. Over the past four decades, several global initiatives have been introduced to improve the accessibility of primary health care (PHC) and solve most health issues at this level. Historically, the 1978 Alma-Ata and 2018 Astana Declarations were perhaps the most important documents for a comprehensive approach to PHC services across the world. With the introduction of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, developments in all spheres of human life and multi-sectoral cooperation became the essential action targets that could contribute to improved health, well-being, and safety of all people. Other global initiatives such as the Riyadh Declaration on Digital Health and São Paulo Declaration on Planetary Health called to urgent action to employ advanced digital technologies, improve health data processing, and invest more in research management. All these initiatives are put to the test in the face of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and other unprecedented threats to humanity.
全球卫生正在发展成为一门学科，旨在探索所有人的需求并提供公平的卫生服务。在过去的四十年中，已经提出了几项全球倡议，以提高初级卫生保健（PHC）的可及性，并解决这一级别的大多数健康问题。从历史上看，1978 年的《阿拉木图宣言》和 2018 年的《阿斯塔纳宣言》可能是全球普及初级卫生保健服务的最全面方法的最重要文件。随着 2015 年联合国可持续发展目标的引入，人类生活各个领域和多部门合作的发展成为改善所有人健康、福祉和安全的必要行动目标。其他全球倡议，如《利雅得数字健康宣言》和《关于行星健康的圣保罗宣言》，呼吁紧急采取行动，利用先进的数字技术，改善卫生数据处理，并在研究管理方面投入更多资金。所有这些倡议都在面对 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行和对人类的其他前所未有的威胁时经受了考验。
