更大的胸部支撑会改变通常与前交叉韧带损伤相关的躯干和膝关节生物力学。
Greater Breast Support Alters Trunk and Knee Joint Biomechanics Commonly Associated With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.
作者信息
Fong Hailey B, Nelson Alexis K, Storey Julie E, Hinton Jay, Puppa Melissa, McGhee Deirdre, Greenwood Daniel, Powell Douglas W
机构信息
Breast Biomechanics Research Center, College of Health Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States.
Department of Orthopaedics and Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States.
出版信息
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 May 20;4:861553. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.861553. eCollection 2022.
OBJECTIVE
The female breast is a passive tissue with little intrinsic support. Therefore, women rely on external breast support (sports bras) to control breast motion during athletic tasks. Research has demonstrated that lower levels of breast support are associated with altered trunk and pelvis movement patterns during running, a common athletic task. However, no previous study has identified the effect of sports bra support on movement patterns during other athletic tasks including landing. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of breast support on trunk and knee joint biomechanics in female collegiate athletes during a double-leg landing task.
METHODS
Fourteen female collegiate athletes completed five double-leg landing trials in each of three different sports bra conditions: no support, low support, and high support. A 10-camera motion capture system (250 Hz, Qualisys, Goteburg, Sweden) and two force platforms (1,250 Hz, AMTI, Watertown, MA, USA) were used to collect three-dimensional kinematics and ground reaction forces simultaneously. Visual 3D was used to calculate trunk segment and knee joint angles and moments. Custom software (MATLAB 2021a) was used to determine discrete values of dependent variables including vertical breast displacement, knee joint and trunk segment angles at initial contact and 100 ms post-initial contact, and peak knee joint moments. A repeated measures analysis of covariance with paired samples -tests were used to evaluate the effect of breast support on landing biomechanics.
RESULTS
Increasing levels of breast support were associated with reductions in peak knee flexion (Right: = 0.008; Left: = 0.029) and peak knee valgus angles (Right: = 0.011; Left: = 0.003) as well as reductions in peak knee valgus moments (Right: = 0.033; Left: = 0.013). There were no changes in peak knee extension moments (Right: = 0.216; Left: = 0.261). Increasing levels of breast support were associated with greater trunk flexion angles at initial contact ( = 0.024) and greater peak trunk flexion angles ( = 0.002).
CONCLUSIONS
Lower levels of breast support are associated with knee joint and trunk biomechanical profiles suggested to increase ACL injury risk.
目的
女性乳房是一种缺乏内在支撑的被动组织。因此，女性依靠外部乳房支撑（运动胸罩）来控制运动任务期间乳房的运动。研究表明，较低水平的乳房支撑与跑步（一项常见的运动任务）过程中躯干和骨盆运动模式的改变有关。然而，之前没有研究确定运动胸罩支撑对包括落地在内的其他运动任务期间运动模式的影响。因此，本研究的目的是在双腿落地任务中，研究乳房支撑对女性大学生运动员躯干和膝关节生物力学的影响。
方法
十四名女性大学生运动员在三种不同的运动胸罩条件下各完成五次双腿落地试验：无支撑、低支撑和高支撑。使用一个10台摄像机的运动捕捉系统（250Hz，瑞典哥德堡的Qualisys公司）和两个测力平台（1250Hz，美国马萨诸塞州沃特敦的AMTI公司）同时收集三维运动学和地面反作用力。使用Visual 3D计算躯干节段和膝关节角度及力矩。使用自定义软件（MATLAB 2021a）确定因变量的离散值，包括垂直乳房位移、初始接触时和初始接触后100毫秒时的膝关节和躯干节段角度，以及膝关节峰值力矩。采用重复测量协方差分析和配对样本检验来评估乳房支撑对落地生物力学的影响。
结果
乳房支撑水平的提高与膝关节最大屈曲角度（右侧：P = 0.008；左侧：P = 0.029）、膝关节最大外翻角度（右侧：P = 0.011；左侧：P = 0.003）的降低以及膝关节最大外翻力矩（右侧：P = 0.033；左侧：P = 0.013）的降低有关。膝关节最大伸展力矩没有变化（右侧：P = 0.216；左侧：P = 0.261）。乳房支撑水平的提高与初始接触时更大的躯干屈曲角度（P = 0.024）和更大的躯干最大屈曲角度（P = 0.002）有关。
结论
较低水平的乳房支撑与膝关节和躯干生物力学特征相关，这些特征被认为会增加前交叉韧带损伤风险。
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