Son Seungmin, Park Sang Ryeol
National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, South Korea.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 May 18;13:902413. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.902413. eCollection 2022.
The development of plant varieties with desired traits is imperative to ensure future food security. The revolution of genome editing technologies based on the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9 (Cas9) system has ushered in a new era in plant breeding. Cas9 and the single-guide RNA (sgRNA) form an effective targeting complex on a locus or loci of interest, enabling genome editing in all plants with high accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas9 can save both time and labor relative to what is typically associated with traditional breeding methods. However, despite improvements in gene editing, several challenges remain that limit the application of CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing in plants. Here, we focus on four issues relevant to plant genome editing: (1) plant organelle genome editing; (2) transgene-free genome editing; (3) virus-induced genome editing; and (4) editing of recalcitrant elite crop inbred lines. This review provides an up-to-date summary on the state of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing in plants that will push this technique forward.
培育具有理想性状的植物品种对于确保未来的粮食安全至关重要。基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）/CRISPR相关核酸酶9（Cas9）系统的基因组编辑技术革命开创了植物育种的新纪元。Cas9与单向导RNA（sgRNA）在一个或多个目标位点形成有效的靶向复合体，能够在所有植物中实现高精度和高效率的基因组编辑。因此，与传统育种方法相比，CRISPR/Cas9可以节省时间和人力。然而，尽管基因编辑有所改进，但仍存在一些挑战限制了基于CRISPR/Cas9的基因组编辑在植物中的应用。在此，我们重点关注与植物基因组编辑相关的四个问题：（1）植物细胞器基因组编辑；（2）无转基因基因组编辑；（3）病毒诱导的基因组编辑；以及（4）顽固的优良作物自交系的编辑。本综述提供了关于CRISPR/Cas9介导的植物基因组编辑现状的最新总结，这将推动该技术向前发展。
