Gracia-Rodriguez Celeste, Martínez-Medina Angela Elena, Torres-Cosio Liliana, Lopez-Ortiz Carlos, Nimmakayala Padma, Luévanos-Escareño Miriam Paulina, Hernández-Almanza Ayerim Yedid, Castro-Alonso María José, Sosa-Martínez Jazel Doménica, Reddy Umesh K, Balagurusamy Nagamani
Laboratorio de Biorremediación, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Ciudad Universitaria de La Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Carretera Torreón-Matamoros Km.7.5, 27276, Torreón, Coah., México. CP, Mexico.
Gus R. Douglass Institute and Department of Biology, West Virginia State University, Institute, Dunbar, WV, 25112 - 1000, USA.
Funct Integr Genomics. 2025 Apr 9;25(1):83. doi: 10.1007/s10142-025-01594-1.
The gradual increase in the worldwide population represents various challenges, and one of the most alarming being the food demand. Historically technological advances led to the development of crops that meets the requirements and demands. Currently, molecular breeding unlocks the genetic potential of crops for their improvement, positioning it as a key technology for the development of new crops. The implementation of OMICs sciences, such spatial and single cell transcriptomics is providing a large and precise information, which can be exploited for crop improvement related to increasing yield, improving the nutritional value; designing new strategies for diseases resistance and management and for conserving biodiversity. Furthermore, the use of new technologies such CRISPR/CAS9 brought us the ability to modify the selected regions of the genome to select the superior's genotypes at a short time and the use of artificial intelligence aid in the analysis of big data generated by OMICS sciences. On the other hand, the application of molecular improvement technologies open up discussion on global regulatory measures, the socio-economic and socio-ethics, as the frameworks on its global regulation and its impact on the society create the public perception on its acceptance. In this review, the use and impact of OMICs sciences and genetic engineering in crops development, the regulatory measures, the socio-economic impact and as well as the mediatic information on genetically modified crops worldwide is discussed along with comprehensive insights on the potential of molecular plant breeding as an alternative and sustainable technology to meet global food demand.
全球人口的逐渐增长带来了各种挑战，其中最令人担忧的之一是粮食需求。从历史上看，技术进步推动了符合要求和需求的作物的发展。目前，分子育种释放了作物的遗传潜力以实现改良，使其成为新作物开发的关键技术。诸如空间转录组学和单细胞转录组学等组学科学的应用正在提供大量精确信息，这些信息可用于与提高产量、改善营养价值、设计抗病和病害管理新策略以及保护生物多样性相关的作物改良。此外，诸如CRISPR/CAS9等新技术的使用使我们能够在短时间内修改基因组的选定区域以选择优良基因型，并且人工智能有助于分析组学科学产生的大数据。另一方面，分子改良技术的应用引发了关于全球监管措施、社会经济和社会伦理的讨论，因为其全球监管框架及其对社会的影响塑造了公众对其接受程度的认知。在本综述中，讨论了组学科学和基因工程在作物开发中的应用与影响、监管措施、社会经济影响以及全球范围内关于转基因作物的媒体信息，同时还全面深入地探讨了分子植物育种作为满足全球粮食需求的替代和可持续技术的潜力。
