Takamatsu Shohei
Faculty of Education, Kobe Shinwa Women's University, Kobe, Japan.
Front Sports Act Living. 2022 May 18;4:871495. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2022.871495. eCollection 2022.
This study aimed to develop a valid and reliable scale for measuring coaching servant leadership in different contexts (Japan and the United States). First, potential items were collected in Japan using both deductive (i.e., literature review) and inductive (i.e., surveys among 103 coaches and 34 university students) approaches and narrowed down via content validity assessment by 10 experts. Next, quantitative studies were conducted to validate the scale's construct validity, among 936 high school athletes from Japan. Finally, the scale's applicability to the US context was demonstrated, among 278 university athletes in the US. The analyses resulted in a six-factor model with 17 items to assess coaching servant leadership behaviors: (1) acceptance; (2) shared vision; (3) empowerment; (4) dedication; (5) humility; and (6) winning second. In conclusion, this study developed a coaching servant leadership scale by applying both deductive and inductive approaches and deemed it applicable not only in Japan but also in the US. It is anticipated that future studies will examine the impact of coaching servant leadership on athletes in detail, with findings applied in practice for the development of coaches.
本研究旨在开发一种有效且可靠的量表，用于衡量不同背景下（日本和美国）的教练型仆人式领导。首先，在日本采用演绎法（即文献综述）和归纳法（即对103名教练和34名大学生进行调查）收集潜在项目，并通过10位专家的内容效度评估进行筛选。接下来，对来自日本的936名高中运动员进行了定量研究，以验证该量表的结构效度。最后，在美国的278名大学运动员中证明了该量表在美国背景下的适用性。分析得出了一个包含17个项目的六因素模型，用于评估教练型仆人式领导行为：（1）接纳；（2）共同愿景；（3）赋能；（4）奉献；（5）谦逊；（6）求其次。总之，本研究通过应用演绎法和归纳法开发了一种教练型仆人式领导量表，并认为其不仅适用于日本，也适用于美国。预计未来的研究将详细考察教练型仆人式领导对运动员的影响，并将研究结果应用于教练培养的实践中。
