Stroope Sarah, Walton Rebecca, Mochel Jonathan Paul, Yuan Lingnan, Enders Brittany
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 May 23;9:879179. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.879179. eCollection 2022.
To evaluate the most common locations of hemorrhage in dogs diagnosed with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication.
Dogs presenting with hemorrhage secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication between at two university veterinary teaching hospitals.
Medical records were searched from the years 2010 through 2020 and all records from dogs treated for hemorrhage secondary to anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication were reviewed. Dogs were diagnosed with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication based on the combination of known exposure and prolonged coagulation testing, including prothrombin and activated thromboplastin time, or based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). The diagnosis of hemorrhage was made based on physical exam findings, point-of-care ultrasound findings or radiography.
Sixty-two dogs met the inclusion criteria and were included in the study. The most common sites of hemorrhage included: pleural space (hemothorax 37%), pulmonary parenchyma (24%), abdomen (24%), skin/subcutaneous (21%), gastrointestinal tract (18%), pericardium (13%), oral cavity (13%), nasal cavity (11%), ocular (8%), and urinary tract (7%). Overall, forty-five dogs (73%) had evidence of cutaneous or mucosal hemorrhage while thirty-three (53%) of dogs had evidence of cavitary hemorrhage. Forty-five percent of dogs had hemorrhage noted at only one site, while 55% experienced hemorrhage at more than one site. The location of hemorrhage and total number of hemorrhagic sites was not associated with survival or transfusion requirement.
In conclusion, this study highlights that dogs with anticoagulant rodenticide intoxication present with diverse locations of hemorrhage and the majority of dogs had non-cavitary hemorrhage noted.
评估诊断为抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒的犬出血的最常见部位。
两所大学兽医教学医院中因抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒继发出血的犬。
检索2010年至2020年的病历，回顾所有因抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒继发出血而接受治疗的犬的记录。根据已知接触史和延长的凝血试验（包括凝血酶原时间和活化部分凝血活酶时间）或基于气相色谱-质谱法（GCMS），诊断犬为抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒。根据体格检查结果、即时超声检查结果或放射学检查做出出血诊断。
62只犬符合纳入标准并纳入研究。出血的最常见部位包括：胸腔（血胸37%）、肺实质（24%）、腹部（24%）、皮肤/皮下（21%）、胃肠道（18%）、心包（13%）、口腔（13%）、鼻腔（11%）、眼部（8%）和泌尿道（7%）。总体而言，45只犬（73%）有皮肤或黏膜出血的证据，而33只犬（53%）有空腔脏器出血的证据。45%的犬仅在一个部位出现出血，而55%的犬在多个部位出现出血。出血部位和出血部位总数与生存率或输血需求无关。
总之，本研究强调抗凝血灭鼠剂中毒的犬出血部位多样，且大多数犬有非空腔脏器出血。
