Gray N
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Modern cigarettes are generally low in tar (which includes many toxic products) and nicotine although not always in carbon monoxide delivery. The natural experiments available to epidemiologists, however, have not shown a very positive reduction in mortality that can be attributed to the lowering of tar. Campaigns by public health bodies have sometimes appeared to be effective in persuading the tobacco industry to lower tar generally (for example, Australia), but such low tar campaigns have been used by the tobacco industry to promote smoking itself and to sell the view that the habit is not as dangerous as it was (for example, U.K.). Outside the U.S., there has been very little advertising that features tar content. Comparisons made in sophisticated countries may not be relevant to developing countries. The matter of tar delivery by Third World smoking products needs attention. There is little argument that cigarettes should be lower in tar. There is, however, argument as to whether an optimal dose of nicotine reward is needed in order to prevent the development of compensatory smoking habits. There is also argument as to how the levels of tar and other toxic constituents in cigarettes should be lowered. Legislation and taxation are probably better weapons than public health advertising campaigns.
现代香烟的焦油（其中包含许多有毒物质）和尼古丁含量通常较低，不过一氧化碳的排放量并非总是如此。然而，流行病学家所掌握的自然实验并未表明，因焦油含量降低而使死亡率出现显著下降。公共卫生机构开展的活动有时似乎能有效说服烟草行业普遍降低焦油含量（例如在澳大利亚），但烟草行业利用这类低焦油宣传活动来推广吸烟行为，并宣扬吸烟不像过去那么危险的观点（例如在英国）。在美国以外，几乎没有突出焦油含量的广告。发达国家所做的比较可能不适用于发展中国家。第三世界吸烟产品的焦油排放量问题需要关注。几乎没有人反对香烟的焦油含量应该降低。然而，对于是否需要最佳剂量的尼古丁奖励以防止形成补偿性吸烟习惯存在争议。对于如何降低香烟中的焦油及其他有毒成分的含量也存在争议。立法和税收可能比公共卫生广告活动更具效力。
