Nantes Université, Service de Médecine du Sport, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
Nantes Université, Service de Physique et Réadaptation Locomotrice et Respiratoire, CHU Nantes, 44093 Nantes, France.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 May 25;19(11):6418. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19116418.
The COVID-19 pandemic required local confinement measures reducing sport practice with possible consequences on the athletes' performances. Furthermore, anaerobic detraining was underestimated and poorly known in adolescents. This article aimed to assess the effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and 1-month COVID-19 confinement on jump testing in young elite soccer players despite a 1-month multimodal training program followed by a 1-month soccer retraining period. Thirty-one elite soccer players aged 14 were included; 16 were infected by the SARS-CoV-2 and compared with 15 non-infected elite soccer players before and after 1 month of COVID-19 confinement, and after 1 month of a soccer retraining period. Squat jumps (SJ), countermovement jumps with (CMJs) and without arm swinging (CMJ) and multiple consecutive jumps (stiffness) were used to explore the anaerobic performances. Analysis of variance for repeated measures was used to compare the positive and negative SARS-CoV-2 groups, taking into account the confinement period (low training) and the retraining soccer period. The jump tests were not altered in the positive SARS-CoV-2 group compared to the negative SARS-CoV-2 group after confinement (SJ: 31.6 ± 5.6 vs. 32.7 ± 3.7; CMJ: 34.1 ± 6.9 vs. 34.2 ± 2.6; CMJs: 38.6 ± 6.8 vs. 40.3 ± 3.9; stiffness: 28.5 ± 4.3 vs. 29.1 ± 3.7) and at 1 month of this period (SJ: 33.8 ± 5.5 vs. 36.2 ± 4.6; CMJ: 34.7 ± 5.5 vs. 36.4 ± 3.5; CMJs: 40.4 ± 6.7 vs. 42.7 ± 5.5; stiffness: 32.6 ± 4.7 vs. 34.0 ± 4.3). The SARS-CoV-2 infection had no consequence on anaerobic performances assessed by jump tests in adolescent soccer players. The adolescents' growth could explain the absence of alteration of jump performances during the COVID-19 confinement. These results can be useful to manage the recovery of the anaerobic fitness after SARS-CoV-2 infection occurring in adolescent athletes.
新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情要求采取当地限制措施，减少运动训练，可能对运动员的表现产生影响。此外，青少年的无氧脱训练被低估且知之甚少。本文旨在评估 SARS-CoV-2 感染和 1 个月的 COVID-19 隔离对青少年精英足球运动员跳跃测试的影响，尽管他们在经历了 1 个月的多模式训练计划后，又进行了 1 个月的足球恢复训练。共纳入 31 名 14 岁的精英足球运动员；16 名运动员感染了 SARS-CoV-2，并与 15 名未感染的精英足球运动员在 COVID-19 隔离前、后和 1 个月的足球恢复训练后进行比较。使用深蹲跳（SJ）、有（CMJ）和无（CMJ）手臂摆动的反跳和多次连续跳跃（僵硬）来探索无氧表现。采用重复测量方差分析比较了 SARS-CoV-2 阳性和阴性组，考虑了隔离期（低训练）和恢复性足球期。与 SARS-CoV-2 阴性组相比，感染 SARS-CoV-2 的运动员在隔离后（SJ：31.6 ± 5.6 比 32.7 ± 3.7；CMJ：34.1 ± 6.9 比 34.2 ± 2.6；CMJs：38.6 ± 6.8 比 40.3 ± 3.9；僵硬：28.5 ± 4.3 比 29.1 ± 3.7）和在该期间 1 个月时（SJ：33.8 ± 5.5 比 36.2 ± 4.6；CMJ：34.7 ± 5.5 比 36.4 ± 3.5；CMJs：40.4 ± 6.7 比 42.7 ± 5.5；僵硬：32.6 ± 4.7 比 34.0 ± 4.3），跳跃测试的无氧表现没有变化。SARS-CoV-2 感染对青少年足球运动员的无氧表现评估没有影响。青少年的生长发育可以解释 COVID-19 隔离期间跳跃表现没有改变的原因。这些结果对于管理青少年运动员感染 SARS-CoV-2 后无氧适应能力的恢复可能是有用的。
