Department of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
Northern Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 May 29;23(11):6091. doi: 10.3390/ijms23116091.
Colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) are the leading cause of death among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). As part of multimodal therapy, liver resection is the mainstay of curative-intent treatment for select patients with CRLM. However, effective treatment of CRLM remains challenging as recurrence occurs in most patients after liver resection. Proposed clinicopathologic factors for predicting recurrence are inconsistent and lose prognostic significance over time. The rapid development of next-generation sequencing technologies and decreasing DNA sequencing costs have accelerated the genomic profiling of various cancers. The characterisation of genomic alterations in CRC has significantly improved our understanding of its carcinogenesis. However, the functional context at the protein level has not been established for most of this genomic information. Furthermore, genomic alterations do not always result in predicted changes in the corresponding proteins and cancer phenotype, while post-transcriptional and post-translational regulation may alter synthesised protein levels, affecting phenotypes. More recent advancements in mass spectrometry-based technology enable accurate protein quantitation and comprehensive proteomic profiling of cancers. Several studies have explored proteomic biomarkers for predicting CRLM after oncologic resection of primary CRC and recurrence after curative-intent resection of CRLM. The current review aims to rationalise the proteomic complexity of CRC and explore the potential applications of proteomic biomarkers in CRLM.
结直肠癌肝转移（CRLM）是转移性结直肠癌（CRC）患者死亡的主要原因。作为多模态治疗的一部分，肝切除术是选择性 CRLM 患者治愈性治疗的主要方法。然而，由于大多数患者在肝切除术后都会复发，因此有效的 CRLM 治疗仍然具有挑战性。用于预测复发的临床病理因素不一致，并且随着时间的推移失去预后意义。下一代测序技术的快速发展和 DNA 测序成本的降低加速了各种癌症的基因组分析。CRC 中基因组改变的特征显著提高了我们对其致癌机制的理解。然而，对于大多数基因组信息，其在蛋白质水平上的功能背景尚未建立。此外，基因组改变并不总是导致相应蛋白质和癌症表型的预测变化，而转录后和翻译后调节可能会改变合成蛋白的水平，从而影响表型。基于质谱的技术的最新进展能够实现癌症的准确蛋白质定量和全面蛋白质组分析。几项研究探索了用于预测原发性 CRC 肿瘤切除后和 CRLM 治愈性切除后 CRLM 的蛋白质组生物标志物。本综述旨在阐明 CRC 的蛋白质组复杂性，并探讨蛋白质组生物标志物在 CRLM 中的潜在应用。
