Phillips M T, Kirby M L, Forbes G
Circ Res. 1987 Jan;60(1):27-30. doi: 10.1161/01.res.60.1.27.
Previous studies have shown that ablation of cranial neural crest results in heart malformations in chick embryos. Cranial neural crest cells populate all of the pharyngeal arches and provide the mesenchymal walls of the aortic arch arteries. Neural crest cells migrate from the pharyngeal apparatus into the outflow region of the heart. However, it is not known which of the pharyngeal arches contribute ectomesenchyme to the developing heart nor has a pattern of distribution in the outflow region been established. In the present study, premigratory presumptive arch neural crest from quail embryos was grafted homotopically onto early chick embryos. On Day 6 of incubation, the chimeric embryos were fixed and processed for histological evaluation. The neural crest providing mesenchyme to pharyngeal arches 1 and 2 was not associated with the developing heart. Neural crest presumptive for arches 3, 4, and 6 was found distributed to the outflow region of the heart. Neural crest from arch 4 contributed the largest number of cells to the developing aorticopulmonary and conotruncal septa. This information indicates that ablations of neural crest presumptive for arches 3, 4, and 6 influence heart development directly while lesions of other areas of cranial neural crest probably influence heart development only secondarily with the primary effects occurring in the pharyngeal arches.
先前的研究表明，鸡胚中颅神经嵴的消融会导致心脏畸形。颅神经嵴细胞分布于所有咽弓，并形成主动脉弓动脉的间充质壁。神经嵴细胞从咽器官迁移至心脏流出区域。然而，尚不清楚哪些咽弓为发育中的心脏提供外胚间充质，也未确定其在流出区域的分布模式。在本研究中，将鹌鹑胚胎中迁移前的假定弓状神经嵴同基因移植到早期鸡胚上。在孵化第6天，将嵌合胚胎固定并进行组织学评估。为咽弓1和2提供间充质的神经嵴与发育中的心脏无关。发现假定为弓3、4和6的神经嵴分布于心脏流出区域。来自弓4的神经嵴为发育中的主肺动脉和圆锥干间隔贡献了最多的细胞。这一信息表明，对弓3、4和6的假定神经嵴进行消融会直接影响心脏发育，而颅神经嵴其他区域的损伤可能仅通过主要发生在咽弓的初级效应间接影响心脏发育。
