Optimization Theory and Applications for Engineering SYStems Research Group, Faculty of Engineering, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
Department of Computer, Faculty of Science and Technology, Chiang Mai Rajabhat University, Chiang Mai 50300, Thailand.
Sensors (Basel). 2022 May 28;22(11):4108. doi: 10.3390/s22114108.
Floods are the most frequent type of natural disaster. Flash floods are one of the most common types of floods, caused by rapid and excessive rainfall. Normally, when a flash flood occurs, the water of the upstream river increases rapidly and flows to the downstream watersheds. The overflow of water increasingly submerges villages in the drainage basins. Flash flood early warning systems are required to mitigate losses. Water level monitoring stations can be installed at upstream river areas. However, telemetry stations face several challenges because the upstream river areas are far away and lack of public utilities (e.g., electric power and telephone lines). This research proposes hybrid effortless resilient operation stations, named HERO stations, in the flash flood early warning system. The HERO station was designed and developed with a modular design concept to be effortlessly customized and maintained. The HERO station adapts its working operation against the environmental changes to maintain a long working period with high data sensing accuracy. Moreover, the HERO station can switch its communication mode between the centralized and decentralized communication modes to increase availability. The network of the HERO stations has already been deployed in the northern part of Thailand. It results in improvements of the telemetry station's availability. The HERO stations can adapt to environmental changes. The flash flood early warning messages can be disseminated to the villagers to increase the flood preparation time and to reduce flash flood damage.
洪水是最常见的自然灾害类型。山洪是最常见的洪水类型之一，是由迅速且过量的降雨引发的。通常，当山洪发生时，上游河流的水量会迅速增加并流向下游流域。水流的溢出会使流域中的村庄逐渐被淹没。需要建立山洪预警系统来减轻损失。可以在上游河域安装水位监测站。然而，遥测站面临着一些挑战，因为上游河域距离遥远，缺乏公共设施（如电力和电话线）。本研究在山洪预警系统中提出了混合省力弹性操作站（HERO 站）。HERO 站采用模块化设计理念进行设计和开发，可轻松定制和维护。HERO 站可根据环境变化自适应调整工作方式，以保持高数据感应精度的长时间工作周期。此外，HERO 站可以在集中式和分布式通信模式之间切换其通信模式以提高可用性。HERO 站网络已在泰国北部部署，提高了遥测站的可用性。HERO 站可以适应环境变化。可以向村民发送山洪预警信息，以增加洪水准备时间并减少山洪灾害损失。
