Institute of Active Lifestyle, Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University Olomouc, Tř. Míru 115, 771 11 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Institute of Sport Sciences, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education in Katowice, Mikołowska 72a, 40-065 Katowice, Poland.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 May 31;2022:6305204. doi: 10.1155/2022/6305204. eCollection 2022.
Interventions aimed at motivation for physical activity (PA) are mostly beneficial, but the effects on preventing the decrease in PA are not entirely clear, especially in girls. The main aim of this study was to identify the differences and associations between PA motives and types of PA in boys and girls and between low and high motivated boys and girls. Another aim is to identify the types of motivation and PA that increase the likelihood of achieving PA recommendations and to propose ways of increasing PA among low motivated adolescents. The research carried out before the COVID-19 pandemic (2010-2019) and involved 2,149 Czech and 1,927 Polish adolescents aged 15-19 years. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long Form was used to identify the level of PA types, while PA motivation was examined through the Motives for Physical Activities Measure-Revised. During the ten years, a decline was observed in enjoyment, fitness, and social motives. An increase in appearance motives was observed in girls, while no significant changes were seen in boys. Boys showed a higher motivation for PA than girls in enjoyment, competence, fitness, and social motives, while girls were high motivated in appearance motives. The greatest statistically significant differences between low and high motivated individuals were found in the associations between recreation/vigorous PA and between all types of motivation in boys and girls in both countries. The strongest associations in both genders were observed between enjoyment/competence motives and recreation/vigorous PA. Respecting and using the associations between the types of PA motives and types of PA in low and high motivated boys and girls can support feelings of PA enjoyment, increase PA, support the achievement of PA recommendations, and positively affect adolescents' healthy lifestyles.
针对身体活动（PA）动机的干预措施大多是有益的，但它们对预防 PA 减少的影响并不完全清楚，尤其是在女孩中。本研究的主要目的是确定男孩和女孩之间以及低动机和高动机男孩和女孩之间 PA 动机和 PA 类型的差异和关联。另一个目的是确定增加达到 PA 建议可能性的动机和 PA 类型，并提出增加低动机青少年 PA 的方法。这项研究是在 COVID-19 大流行之前（2010-2019 年）进行的，涉及 2149 名捷克青少年和 1927 名波兰青少年，年龄在 15-19 岁之间。使用国际体力活动问卷长式来确定 PA 类型的水平，而通过修订后的体力活动动机量表来检查 PA 动机。在这十年中，享受、健身和社交动机下降，而在女孩中，外表动机增加。男孩比女孩更有动力进行 PA，在享受、能力、健身和社交动机方面，而女孩则更有动力追求外表动机。在低动机和高动机个体之间，男孩和女孩在两国之间的娱乐/剧烈 PA 之间以及所有类型的动机之间观察到最大的统计学显著差异。在两性中，享受/能力动机与娱乐/剧烈 PA 之间观察到最强的关联。在低动机和高动机的男孩和女孩中，尊重和利用 PA 动机类型和 PA 类型之间的关联，可以支持 PA 的愉悦感，增加 PA，支持达到 PA 建议，并积极影响青少年的健康生活方式。
