Faculty of Physical Culture, Palacký University, Olomouc, Czechia.
Institute of Sport Science, The Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland.
Front Public Health. 2020 Oct 30;8:527442. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.527442. eCollection 2020.
School physical activity (PA) is an indispensable part of daily PA, the foundation for developing lifelong PA and fitness, and an easy way to gain physical and health literacy. School PA is equally important for understanding the continuity of physical and mental health, even in broader psychosocial aspects. Regarding long-term outcomes, significant attention has been paid to the determination of daily and weekly recommendations for adolescent PA. However, comprehensive approaches suggesting recommendations for PA in segments of the school day are rare. This study aimed to (a) provide a rationale for PA recommendations in segments of school days and incorporate it into generally accepted PA recommendations, and (b) promote radical changes in the educational process toward a healthy school lifestyle through PA recommendations in segments of school days. The results of research conducted in 98 secondary schools in the Czech Republic and 104 secondary schools in Poland from 2009 to 2017 were used in this study. In total, 3,860 boys and 5,237 girls from the Czech Republic and 3,052 boys and 3,329 girls from Poland, all aged 15-19, participated. We recommended at least 2,000 steps (or 10 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA) for the before school segment and at least 6,000 steps (or 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA) for the after-school segment. For the time spent at school, we further recommended at least 500 steps/h (alternatively, at least 3,000 steps/school time), 20 min of moderate-to-vigorous PA (≥3METs or 60% HRmax), and at least one HRsubmax/max response to significant stress during PA to mitigate educational stress and high levels of sedentary behavior in schools. PA should account for at least 25% of school time, even on days with no scheduled physical education lessons. We propose using PA recommendations in segments of school days to achieve positive changes in the educational process and school lifestyle. Acceptance of PA recommendations in segments of school days theories on physical education could help refine and concretize demands for changes in PA and lifestyle in secondary schools. In practice, it could support the creation of innovative and comprehensive school PA programs. Future research should focus on obtaining evidence in support for adolescent PA by applying PA recommendations in segments of school days.
学校体育活动（PA）是日常 PA 的不可或缺的一部分，是培养终身 PA 和健康的基础，也是获得身体和健康素养的一种简单途径。学校 PA 对于理解身心的连续性也同样重要，甚至在更广泛的心理社会方面也是如此。关于长期结果，人们已经非常关注确定青少年 PA 的日常和每周建议。然而，很少有综合方法建议在学校日的各个时间段内进行 PA 建议。本研究旨在：(a) 为学校日各个时间段的 PA 建议提供依据，并将其纳入普遍接受的 PA 建议中；(b) 通过学校日各个时间段的 PA 建议，推动教育过程朝着健康的学校生活方式发生根本性变化。本研究使用了 2009 年至 2017 年在捷克共和国的 98 所中学和波兰的 104 所中学进行的研究结果。共有来自捷克共和国的 3860 名男孩和 5237 名女孩以及来自波兰的 3052 名男孩和 3329 名女孩参与了这项研究，他们的年龄均为 15-19 岁。我们建议在上学前时段至少进行 2000 步（或 10 分钟的中等到剧烈 PA），在放学后时段至少进行 6000 步（或 30 分钟的中等到剧烈 PA）。对于在学校的时间，我们进一步建议至少每小时 500 步（或者至少 3000 步/学校时间），20 分钟的中等到剧烈 PA（≥3METs 或 60% HRmax），以及在 PA 期间至少有一次 HRsubmax/最大响应以减轻教育压力和学校中久坐行为的高水平。PA 应占学校时间的至少 25%，即使在没有安排体育课的日子也是如此。我们建议使用学校日各个时间段的 PA 建议来实现教育过程和学校生活方式的积极变化。接受学校日各个时间段的 PA 建议，以及体育教育理论，可以帮助完善和具体说明对中学 PA 和生活方式的改变要求。在实践中，它可以支持创建创新和全面的学校 PA 计划。未来的研究应侧重于通过应用学校日各个时间段的 PA 建议，为青少年 PA 获得支持证据。
