School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Solan 173229, India.
Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 May 31;2022:5938610. doi: 10.1155/2022/5938610. eCollection 2022.
Pine seeds are considered as nonwood forest products (NWFP) with regularly increasing market's demand. They can be eaten in various ways such as roasted or raw. In addition, they are included in various traditional dishes like in cookies, sauces, candies, cakes, breads, and other bakery items and, moreover, for medicinal purposes. GC-MS study is performed to analyze the phytochemical compounds present in the seed extracts of (Chir) and (Chilgoza). In total, 25 compounds were identified each in Chir and Chilgoza. In Chir seeds, abundantly present compounds were 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (16.6%), followed by ç-Terpinene (9.9%) and cyclohexanol, 4-ethenyl-4-methyl-3-(1-methylethenyl)-, (1à,3à,4á) (9.8%), whereas in Chilgoza seeds, the maximum amount of compound was 1-hexyl-1-nitrocyclohexane (17.3%), followed by phenol, 2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl) (15.4%), and heptadecane, 2-methyl (8.4%). The total phenolic content of Chir seed sample was 1536 ± 4.35 (mg GAE/100 g), whereas in the Chilgoza seed extract was 642.66 ± 2.08 (mg GAE/100 g). The application of RP-HPLC-DAD system revealed that Chir and Chilgoza seeds have maximum quantity of catechin (15.77 ± 0.16 g/mg and 17.49 ± 0.32 g/mg, respectively). Both Chir and Chilgoza seed extracts exhibited significant antioxidant (radical scavenging) potential, through HO (618.94 ± 21.45 g/mL and 575.16 ± 19.88 g/mL) and DPPH (552.60 ± 13.03 g/mL and 429.15 ± 3.80 g/mL) assays, respectively. Additionally, a well-known antibacterial potential was also found in both plants' dichloromethane extracts, with 64 to 256 g/mL of minimum inhibitory concentrations. As a whole, result shows the importance of both plants as a naturally occurring phytochemical source with significant antibacterial and antioxidant activity.
松籽被认为是一种非木材林产品（NWFP），其市场需求不断增长。它们可以以各种方式食用，例如烤或生的。此外，它们被用于各种传统菜肴中，如饼干、酱汁、糖果、蛋糕、面包和其他烘焙食品，此外，还可用于药用。GC-MS 研究用于分析（Chir）和（Chilgoza）种子提取物中的植物化学化合物。在 Chir 和 Chilgoza 种子中，每种都鉴定出 25 种化合物。在 Chir 种子中，含量丰富的化合物是 2,4-二叔丁基苯酚（16.6%），其次是ç-萜品烯（9.9%）和环己醇，4-乙烯基-4-甲基-3-（1-亚乙基）-，（1à，3à，4á）（9.8%），而在 Chilgoza 种子中，含量最多的化合物是 1-己基-1-硝基环己烷（17.3%），其次是苯酚，2,6-双（1,1-二甲基乙基）（15.4%）和十七烷，2-甲基（8.4%）。Chir 种子样品的总酚含量为 1536±4.35（mg GAE/100g），而 Chilgoza 种子提取物中的总酚含量为 642.66±2.08（mg GAE/100g）。RP-HPLC-DAD 系统的应用表明，Chir 和 Chilgoza 种子含有最多量的儿茶素（分别为 15.77±0.16mg/mg 和 17.49±0.32mg/mg）。Chir 和 Chilgoza 种子提取物均表现出显著的抗氧化（自由基清除）潜力，通过 HO（618.94±21.45μg/mL 和 575.16±19.88μg/mL）和 DPPH（552.60±13.03μg/mL 和 429.15±3.80μg/mL）测定。此外，还发现这两种植物的二氯甲烷提取物均具有较强的抗菌潜力，最低抑菌浓度为 64 至 256μg/mL。总的来说，结果表明这两种植物作为天然存在的植物化学物质来源具有重要的抗菌和抗氧化活性。
