Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea.
Mar Drugs. 2022 Aug 31;20(9):562. doi: 10.3390/md20090562.
The intestine and skin provide crucial protection against the external environment. Strengthening the epithelial barrier function of these organs is critical for maintaining homeostasis against inflammatory stimuli. Recent studies suggest that polar marine algae are a promising bioactive resource because of their adaptation to extreme environments. To investigate the bioactive properties of polar marine algae on epithelial cells of the intestine and skin, we created extracts of the Antarctic macroalgae , , , and , analyzed the compound profiles of the extracts using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and tested the protective activities of the extracts on human intestinal and keratinocyte cell lines by measuring cell viability and reactive oxygen species scavenging. In addition, we assessed immune responses modulated by the extracts by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and we monitored the barrier-protective activities of the extracts on intestinal and keratinocyte cell lines by measuring transepithelial electrical resistance and fluorescence-labeled dextran flux, respectively. We identified bioactive compounds, including several fatty acids and lipid compounds, in the extracts, and found that the extracts perform antioxidant activities that remove intracellular reactive oxygen species and scavenge specific radicals. Furthermore, the Antarctic marine algae extracts increased cell viability, protected cells against inflammatory stimulation, and increased the barrier integrity of cells damaged by lipopolysaccharide or ultraviolet radiation. These results suggest that Antarctic marine algae have optimized their composition for polar environments, and furthermore, that the bioactive properties of compounds produced by Antarctic marine algae can potentially be used to develop therapeutics to promote the protective barrier function of the intestine and skin.
肠道和皮肤为人体提供了对抗外部环境的重要保护。增强这些器官的上皮屏障功能对于维持对抗炎症刺激的体内平衡至关重要。最近的研究表明，极地海洋藻类是一种很有前途的生物活性资源，因为它们能够适应极端环境。为了研究极地海洋藻类对肠道和皮肤上皮细胞的生物活性特性，我们制备了南极大型藻类、、、和的提取物，使用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了提取物的化合物图谱，并通过测量细胞活力和活性氧清除来测试提取物对人肠和角质形成细胞系的保护活性。此外，我们通过实时聚合酶链反应评估了提取物调节的免疫反应，并通过测量跨上皮电阻和荧光标记葡聚糖通量，分别监测提取物对肠和角质形成细胞系的屏障保护活性。我们在提取物中鉴定出了生物活性化合物，包括几种脂肪酸和脂质化合物，并且发现提取物具有抗氧化活性，可以清除细胞内的活性氧和清除特定的自由基。此外，南极海洋藻类提取物增加了细胞活力，保护细胞免受炎症刺激，并提高了脂多糖或紫外线辐射损伤细胞的屏障完整性。这些结果表明，南极海洋藻类已经对极地环境进行了优化，并且南极海洋藻类产生的化合物的生物活性特性可能被用于开发促进肠道和皮肤保护屏障功能的治疗方法。
