Charles "McC" Mathias, Jr. National Study Center for Trauma and Emergency Medical Systems, Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
Maryland Department of Transportation, Motor Vehicle Administration's Highway Safety Office, Glen Burnie, Maryland.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2022;23(6):352-357. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2077931. Epub 2022 Jun 10.
Seat belt usage has increased substantially since the 1960s, yet driver use continues to affect passenger usage. Recent observational restraint use findings for Maryland will examine the relationship between driver and passenger usage, including adults and children in the rear seat.
Analyses were based on observational front and rear seat studies administered in parallel from 2016 to 2019. A statistically rigorous front seat project yielded weighted results among drivers and outboard passengers. A study of adults and children in the rear seat was based on a convenience sample of vehicles. Restraint usage results were presented as frequencies and proportions among occupants with known belt use, along with the 95% confidence interval for overall rates.
Overall restraint usage rates averaged 90.9% in the front seat study and 81.1% in the rear seat sample. In vehicles with two front seat occupants and a belted driver, the proportion of belted passengers averaged 93.0% over four years. However, among unbelted drivers, only 41.6% of passengers were belted on average. In the rear seat study, an average of 82.7% were belted in vehicles driven by a restrained driver, differing for children (92.0%) versus adults (70.4%). Analysis of vehicles with an unbelted driver revealed an average of 45.0% of belted rear seat occupants, with a considerable difference for children (65.0%) compared with adults (21.0%).
Observational seat belt studies in Maryland in recent years have shown that, despite overall rates above 80%, passenger use in both the front and rear seats is associated with driver restraint use.
自 20 世纪 60 年代以来，安全带的使用率大幅上升，但司机的使用情况仍然影响着乘客的使用情况。马里兰州最近的观察性约束使用研究将检查驾驶员和乘客使用情况之间的关系，包括后排座椅上的成年人和儿童。
分析基于 2016 年至 2019 年并行进行的观察性前排和后排座椅研究。一项严格的前排座椅项目产生了驾驶员和外侧乘客的加权结果。对后排座椅上的成年人和儿童的研究基于车辆的便利样本。约束使用结果以已知安全带使用情况的乘客中的频率和比例以及总体比率的 95%置信区间呈现。
在前排座椅研究中，整体约束使用率平均为 90.9%，在后排座椅样本中为 81.1%。在有两个前排座位和系安全带的驾驶员的车辆中，四年中系安全带的乘客比例平均为 93.0%。然而，在未系安全带的驾驶员中，乘客中只有 41.6%平均系安全带。在后座研究中，在由受约束的驾驶员驾驶的车辆中，平均有 82.7%的人系安全带，而儿童（92.0%）与成年人（70.4%）有所不同。对未系安全带的驾驶员的车辆进行分析显示，平均有 45.0%的后排座位乘客系安全带，儿童（65.0%）与成年人（21.0%）之间存在相当大的差异。
马里兰州近年来的观察性安全带研究表明，尽管总体使用率超过 80%，但前排和后排座椅的乘客使用情况都与驾驶员的约束使用情况相关。
