Yang Yongyue, Su Fen, Ge Yating, Wang Huarong, Schwebel David C
Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China.
Department of Traffic Psychology, Institute of Special Environmental Medicine, Nantong University, 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226019, China.
J Safety Res. 2024 Dec;91:120-125. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2024.08.014. Epub 2024 Aug 28.
To investigate psychological predictors of the use of child restraints among Chinese parents following passage of national law requiring their use.
Grounded in the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) and guidance from previous research, we developed and administered a questionnaire to assess child restraint usage and understand psychological factors that predict usage. 413 parents with child(ren) aged 0-8 years completed the questionnaire through the WenJuanXing online survey platform.
Among the 413 parents, 321 (77.7%) used child restraints regularly when taking their children on car trips, with the highest use reported among parents with children under 1 year (83.8%). Among the psychological predictors, willingness to use a restraint was the strongest predictor of intention and self-reported behavior to use restraints, but the predictive effect of intention on behavior was not significant. Descriptive norms - a belief that trusted friends and family use restraints - was the strongest predictor of behavior to use child restraints, and prototype favorability - the belief that prototypical parents of similar age and gender use restraints - also showed significant effects in predicting behavior.
Following the passage of national laws requiring child restraints in China, it is becoming more common for parents to use restraints when their children travel by car. Parents' use of child restraints for children follows a socially reactive (through willingness) decision-making path rather than a reasoned (through intention) decision-making pattern. The influence of the behavior of others, both trusted friends and family (descriptive norms) and prototypical similar parents (prototype favorability) are strong predictive factors for use of child restraints, suggesting prevention programs might leverage behavior of others to impact parents and encourage use of child restraints.
在中国通过要求使用儿童安全约束装置的国家法律后，调查中国父母使用儿童安全约束装置的心理预测因素。
基于原型意愿模型（PWM）并借鉴以往研究的指导，我们编制并发放了一份问卷，以评估儿童安全约束装置的使用情况，并了解预测使用情况的心理因素。413名有0至8岁孩子的父母通过问卷星在线调查平台完成了问卷。
在413名父母中，321名（77.7%）在带孩子乘车出行时经常使用儿童安全约束装置，其中1岁以下孩子的父母使用率最高（83.8%）。在心理预测因素中，使用安全约束装置的意愿是使用安全约束装置意图和自我报告行为的最强预测因素，但意图对行为的预测作用不显著。描述性规范——相信可信赖的朋友和家人使用安全约束装置——是使用儿童安全约束装置行为的最强预测因素，原型偏好——相信年龄和性别相似的典型父母使用安全约束装置——在预测行为方面也显示出显著影响。
在中国通过要求使用儿童安全约束装置的国家法律后，父母在孩子乘车时使用安全约束装置的情况越来越普遍。父母对孩子使用儿童安全约束装置遵循社会反应性（通过意愿）决策路径，而非理性（通过意图）决策模式。他人的行为，即可信赖的朋友和家人（描述性规范）以及典型的相似父母（原型偏好）的影响，是使用儿童安全约束装置的强有力预测因素，这表明预防项目可能会利用他人的行为来影响父母并鼓励使用儿童安全约束装置。
