Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Mol Med. 2023;23(6):521-526. doi: 10.2174/1566524022666220610094716.
Breast cancer (BC) is one of the prevalent diseases and causes of death in women, and its incidence rate is increasing in numerous developed and developing countries. The common approach to BC therapy is surgery, followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy, which doesn't lead to acceptable outcomes in many patients. Therefore, developing innovative strategies for treating BC is essential for the most effective therapy. The immunotherapy of BC is a promising and attractive strategy that can increase the immune system's capacity to recognize and kill the tumor cells, inhibit the recurrence of the tumors, and develop new metastatic sites. The blockade of immune checkpoints is the most attractive and promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. The cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) is a cellsurface glycoprotein expressed by stimulated T cells and has pivotal roles in cell cycle modulation, cytokine generation, and regulation of T cell proliferation. Currently, anti- CTLA-4 agents such as monoclonal antibodies (Ipilimumab and tremelimumab) are broadly applied as therapeutic agents in clinical studies of different cancers. The anti- CTLA-4 antibodies, alone or combined with other therapeutic agents, remarkably increased the tumor-suppressive effects of the immune system and improved the prognosis of cancer. The immune checkpoint inhibitors may represent promising options for BC treatment as in monotherapy or in combination with other conventional treatments. In this review, we discuss the role of CTLA-4 and its therapeutic potential by inhibitors of immune checkpoints in BC therapeutics.
乳腺癌（BC）是女性中常见的疾病和死亡原因之一，在许多发达国家和发展中国家，其发病率都在上升。BC 的常见治疗方法是手术，然后是放疗或化疗，但在许多患者中，这种方法并不能带来令人满意的结果。因此，开发治疗 BC 的创新策略对于最有效的治疗至关重要。BC 的免疫疗法是一种有前途和吸引力的策略，可以增强免疫系统识别和杀死肿瘤细胞的能力，抑制肿瘤的复发，并发展新的转移部位。免疫检查点的阻断是癌症免疫疗法中最有吸引力和最有前途的策略。细胞毒性 T 淋巴细胞相关抗原 4（CTLA-4）是一种表达在受刺激的 T 细胞表面的糖蛋白，在细胞周期调节、细胞因子生成和 T 细胞增殖调节中起关键作用。目前，抗 CTLA-4 单克隆抗体（Ipilimumab 和 tremelimumab）等药物作为治疗剂广泛应用于不同癌症的临床研究中。抗 CTLA-4 抗体单独或与其他治疗剂联合使用，显著增强了免疫系统的肿瘤抑制作用，改善了癌症的预后。免疫检查点抑制剂可能是 BC 治疗的有前途的选择，无论是单独使用还是与其他常规治疗联合使用。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 CTLA-4 及其在 BC 治疗中的治疗潜力。
