Martinez Shannon, Mahoney Amanda
The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, IL USA.
Behav Anal Pract. 2022 Mar 30;15(2):516-540. doi: 10.1007/s40617-022-00703-x. eCollection 2022 Jun.
Behavior analytic interventions for people with disabilities often rely on implementation by novice caregivers and staff. However, behavior intervention documents are ineffective at evoking the level of performance needed for behavior change, and intensive training is often needed (Dogan et al., 2017; Ward-Horner & Sturmey, 2012). The cost and time requirements of intensive training may not be viable options for some clients, leading to nonadherence or attrition (Raulston et al., 2019). In addition, others may feel that prescribed interventions are not appropriate or will not work (Moore & Symons, 2011). These barriers may reflect a cultural mismatch (Rathod et al., 2018). One potential way to increase efficacy of intervention materials is to improve the cultural sensitivity and comprehensibility of these documents. Although the body of research on cultural adaptation of behavioral interventions is becoming more robust, adaptation of behavior intervention documents as a means to create effective behavior change when cultural and linguistic diversity are factors, is an area of behavior analytic practice that is not well researched and there remains a need for cultural humility. Because diversity can include expansive differences between individuals, such as race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, gender and sexuality; understanding and adapting to each of these areas may be best done through separate reviews. It is the intent of this article to focus on ethnic diversity in the United States as a starting point and frame of reference for cultural adaptation. This tutorial includes tips learned from health communication research to give step-by-step guidance on creating comprehensible, culturally adapted intervention plans through the example of training for parents of autistic children.
针对残疾人的行为分析干预措施通常依赖新手照顾者和工作人员来实施。然而，行为干预文件在引发行为改变所需的表现水平方面效果不佳，通常需要强化培训（多根等人，2017年；沃德 - 霍纳与斯特米，2012年）。强化培训的成本和时间要求对一些客户来说可能不是可行的选择，从而导致不依从或退出（劳尔斯顿等人，2019年）。此外，其他人可能觉得规定的干预措施不合适或不会起作用（摩尔与西蒙斯，2011年）。这些障碍可能反映了文化不匹配（拉托德等人，2018年）。提高干预材料效果的一种潜在方法是提高这些文件的文化敏感性和可理解性。尽管关于行为干预文化适应的研究越来越丰富，但当文化和语言多样性成为因素时，将行为干预文件改编作为实现有效行为改变的一种手段，是行为分析实践中一个研究不足的领域，仍然需要文化谦逊。因为多样性可能包括个体之间广泛的差异，如种族/民族、社会经济地位、宗教、性别和性取向；对这些领域中的每一个进行理解和适应可能最好通过单独的审查来完成。本文旨在聚焦美国的种族多样性，将其作为文化适应的起点和参考框架。本教程包括从健康传播研究中学到的技巧，通过为自闭症儿童家长提供培训的示例，逐步指导如何创建可理解的文化适应干预计划。
