Zhou Xueer, Hu Shoushan, Zhang Yunan, Du Guannan, Li Yi
State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Dept. of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China.
Precis Clin Med. 2021 Apr 23;4(2):136-147. doi: 10.1093/pcmedi/pbab008. eCollection 2021 Jun.
Cancer cachexia (CC) is a complex metabolic syndrome that accelerates muscle wasting and affects up to 80% of patients with cancer; however, timely diagnostic methods and effective cures are lacking. Although a considerable number of studies have focused on the mechanism of CC-induced muscle atrophy, few novel therapies have been applied in the last decade. In recent years, noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) have attracted great attention as many differentially expressed ncRNAs in cancer cachectic muscles have been reported to participate in the inhibition of myogenesis and activation of proteolysis. In addition, extracellular vesicles (EVs), which function as ncRNA carriers in intercellular communication, are closely involved in changing ncRNA expression profiles in muscle and promoting the development of muscle wasting; thus, EV-related ncRNAs may represent potential therapeutic targets. This review comprehensively describes the process of ncRNA transmission through EVs and summarizes the pathways and targets of ncRNAs that lead to CC-induced muscle atrophy.
癌症恶病质（CC）是一种复杂的代谢综合征，会加速肌肉萎缩，影响多达80%的癌症患者；然而，目前缺乏及时的诊断方法和有效的治疗方法。尽管大量研究聚焦于CC诱导肌肉萎缩的机制，但在过去十年中几乎没有应用新的治疗方法。近年来，非编码RNA（ncRNAs）备受关注，因为据报道，癌症恶病质肌肉中许多差异表达的ncRNAs参与抑制肌生成和激活蛋白水解。此外，细胞外囊泡（EVs）作为细胞间通讯中的ncRNA载体，密切参与改变肌肉中的ncRNA表达谱并促进肌肉萎缩的发展；因此，与EV相关的ncRNAs可能代表潜在的治疗靶点。本综述全面描述了ncRNA通过EVs的传递过程，并总结了导致CC诱导肌肉萎缩的ncRNAs的途径和靶点。
