Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE MS A32, Atlanta, GA 30329, United States of America.
Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Bull World Health Organ. 2022 Jun 1;100(6):366-374. doi: 10.2471/BLT.21.287253. Epub 2022 Apr 3.
To assess the stability of improvements in global respiratory virus surveillance in countries supported by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) after reductions in CDC funding and with the stress of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
We assessed whether national influenza surveillance systems of CDC-funded countries: (i) continued to analyse as many specimens between 2013 and 2021; (ii) participated in activities of the World Health Organization's (WHO) Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System; (iii) tested enough specimens to detect rare events or signals of unusual activity; and (iv) demonstrated stability before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. We used CDC budget records and data from the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System.
While CDC reduced per-country influenza funding by about 75% over 10 years, the number of specimens tested annually remained stable (mean 2261). Reporting varied substantially by country and transmission zone. Countries funded by CDC accounted for 71% (range 61-75%) of specimens included in WHO consultations on the composition of influenza virus vaccines. In 2019, only eight of the 17 transmission zones sent enough specimens to WHO collaborating centres before the vaccine composition meeting to reliably identify antigenic variants.
Great progress has been made in the global understanding of influenza trends and seasonality. To optimize surveillance to identify atypical influenza viruses, and to integrate molecular testing, sequencing and reporting of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 into existing systems, funding must continue to support these efforts.
评估在减少美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）资金投入并面临 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行压力的情况下，受 CDC 资助的国家全球呼吸道病毒监测的改善情况是否稳定。
我们评估了受 CDC 资助的国家的国家流感监测系统是否：（i）在 2013 年至 2021 年期间继续分析尽可能多的样本；（ii）参与世界卫生组织（WHO）全球流感监测和应对系统的活动；（iii）检测足够的样本以检测罕见事件或异常活动的信号；以及（iv）在 COVID-19 大流行之前和期间表现出稳定性。我们使用了 CDC 预算记录和来自 WHO 全球流感监测和应对系统的数据。
尽管 CDC 在 10 年内将每个国家的流感资金减少了约 75%，但每年测试的样本数量保持稳定（平均为 2261 个）。报告情况因国家和传播区而异。CDC 资助的国家占世界卫生组织关于流感病毒疫苗成分咨询的样本的 71%（范围为 61-75%）。在 2019 年，只有 17 个传播区中的 8 个在疫苗成分会议之前向世界卫生组织合作中心发送了足够的样本，以可靠地识别抗原变异体。
在全球范围内对流感趋势和季节性的理解取得了巨大进展。为了优化监测以识别非典型流感病毒，并将严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2 的分子检测、测序和报告纳入现有系统，必须继续提供资金支持这些努力。
