Tilahun Degalem, Yimer Mulugeta Ayalew, Zamanuel Teshome Geletaw
Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
J Blood Med. 2022 Jun 7;13:293-302. doi: 10.2147/JBM.S361675. eCollection 2022.
Anemia is a global health problem that affects all ages, particularly children under five years. If not treated early, childhood anemia results in impaired growth, delayed cognitive development, and organ dysfunction. There is a scarcity of studies on the prevalence of anemia among hospitalized sick neonates, especially in developing countries.
This study aimed to determine the magnitude of anemia and associated factors among hospitalized sick newborns at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (UOGCSH).
An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among admitted newborns from June 1 to September 30, 2020. All newborns whose gestational age (GA) ≥28 weeks and postnatal age ≤28 days, admitted to UOGCSH during the study period were included in the study. Data were collected by pediatric residents and a systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Binary logistic regression was used to identify associated factors with neonatal anemia. P-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
During the study period, 272 newborns were enrolled. The mean hemoglobin value was 15.74 ± 4.27 gm/dL. The prevalence of neonatal anemia in the study population was 30.1% (95% CI: 24.6-35.7). Neonatal age >7 days (AOR = 4.41, 95% CI: 1.86-10.5), maternal anemia (AOR = 9.93, 95% CI: 4.36-21.6), antepartum hemorrhage (AOR = 4.05, 95% CI: 1.54-10. 7), being multiple births (AOR = 4.70, 95% CI: 1.73-12.8), subgaleal hemorrhage (AOR = 7.56, 95%: 1.87-30.6), and hyperbilirubinemia (AOR = 3.84, 95% CI: 1.58-9.31) were associated with neonatal anemia.
The prevalence of anemia among hospitalized newborns was high. The current study recommends that healthcare providers should screen anemia among sick newborns who had risk factors. Prevention of maternal anemia and early treatment of obstetric complications will reduce the burden of anemia in sick neonates.
贫血是一个全球性的健康问题，影响所有年龄段，尤其是五岁以下儿童。如果不及早治疗，儿童贫血会导致生长发育受损、认知发育迟缓以及器官功能障碍。关于住院患病新生儿贫血患病率的研究较少，尤其是在发展中国家。
本研究旨在确定贡德尔大学综合专科医院（UOGCSH）住院患病新生儿贫血的严重程度及相关因素。
于2020年6月1日至9月30日对收治的新生儿进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。纳入研究的对象为研究期间入住UOGCSH且胎龄（GA）≥28周、出生后年龄≤28天的所有新生儿。数据由儿科住院医师收集，并采用系统随机抽样技术选取研究对象。使用SPSS 20版进行统计分析。采用二元逻辑回归确定新生儿贫血的相关因素。P值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
研究期间，共纳入272名新生儿。平均血红蛋白值为15.74±4.27克/分升。研究人群中新生儿贫血的患病率为30.1%（95%置信区间：24.6 - 35.7）。出生后年龄>7天（比值比[AOR]=4.41，95%置信区间：1.86 - 10.5）、母亲贫血（AOR = 9.93，95%置信区间：4.36 - 21.6）、产前出血（AOR = 4.05，95%置信区间：1.54 - 10.7）、多胎妊娠（AOR = 4.70，95%置信区间：1.73 - 12.8）、帽状腱膜下出血（AOR = 7.56，95%置信区间：1.87 - 30.6）以及高胆红素血症（AOR = 3.84，95%置信区间：1.58 - 9.31）与新生儿贫血相关。
住院新生儿贫血患病率较高。本研究建议医疗服务提供者应对有危险因素的患病新生儿进行贫血筛查。预防母亲贫血和早期治疗产科并发症将减轻患病新生儿的贫血负担。
