Kumera Gemechu, Gedle Dereje, Alebel Animut, Feyera Fetuma, Eshetie Setegn
1Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
2Department of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Science, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Matern Health Neonatol Perinatol. 2018 Sep 12;4:18. doi: 10.1186/s40748-018-0087-z. eCollection 2018.
Under nutrition is a worldwide public health problem affecting the well-being of millions of pregnant women in the developing world. Only limited research has been conducted on the prevalence and determinants of maternal nutritional status in Ethiopia. Particularly, data on the nutritional status of pregnant women are lacking. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among pregnant women attending antenatal care at the University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.
An institution based cross-sectional study was conducted in January and February 2016. Randomly selected 409 pregnant women were included in the study. Nutritional status was estimated using mid-upper-arm circumference. Data on potential determinants of undernutrition were gathered using a structured questionnaire. The blood sample was collected to analyze hemoglobin. The stool sample was collected to identify intestinal parasitic infections. Statistical analysis was done using logistic regression. -value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval was considered as statistically significant.
The prevalence of undernutrition among pregnant women was 16.2% (95% CI: 12.4-20.1%). Using a logistic regression model, factors significantly associated with the undernutrition were living in rural areas (AOR = 2.26), low educational status [no formal education (AOR = 2.91), primary education (AOR = 2.69)], history of too many births (AOR = 2.55), anemia (AOR = 2.01), and intestinal parasitic infection (AOR = 2.73).
The study findings provide evidence for the public health significance of under nutrition among pregnant women in the study area. The problem must be combated through rural livelihood promotion, socioeconomic empowerment of women, sustained nutrition education and expansion of family-planning services in the area.
营养不良是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，影响着发展中国家数百万孕妇的健康。关于埃塞俄比亚孕产妇营养状况的患病率和决定因素，仅开展了有限的研究。特别是，缺乏关于孕妇营养状况的数据。本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚西北部贡德尔大学医院接受产前护理的孕妇中营养不良的患病率及其决定因素。
2016年1月和2月进行了一项基于机构的横断面研究。随机选取409名孕妇纳入研究。采用上臂中部周长评估营养状况。使用结构化问卷收集营养不良潜在决定因素的数据。采集血样分析血红蛋白。采集粪便样本以确定肠道寄生虫感染情况。采用逻辑回归进行统计分析。95%置信区间下p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
孕妇中营养不良的患病率为16.2%（95%CI：12.4 - 20.1%）。使用逻辑回归模型，与营养不良显著相关的因素包括居住在农村地区（比值比[AOR]=2.26）、低教育水平[未接受正规教育（AOR = 2.91）、小学教育（AOR = 2.69）]、多产史（AOR = 2.55）、贫血（AOR = 2.01）和肠道寄生虫感染（AOR = 2.73）。
研究结果为研究地区孕妇营养不良的公共卫生意义提供了证据。必须通过促进农村生计、增强妇女社会经济权能、持续开展营养教育以及扩大该地区的计划生育服务来应对这一问题。
