Dereje Ifa, Etefa Tesema, Gebremariam Teka, Getaye Asfaw, Tunta Abayneh, Gerbi Asfaw
Department of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Salale University, Fiche, Oromia, Ethiopia.
Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Science, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Oromia, Ethiopia.
J Multidiscip Healthc. 2021 Sep 17;14:2607-2615. doi: 10.2147/JMDH.S326962. eCollection 2021.
Anemia is a global public health problem that affects approximately one-third of the global population. Infants and children are the ones to develop both short-term and long-term devastating complications from anemia. Although anemia is a very big public health concern, newborns, especially in developing countries, are usually overlooked and undiagnosed.
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of anemia and associated factors among term newborns in Nekemte Specialized Hospital, Western Ethiopia.
A facility-based cross-sectional study involving 278 newborns was conducted from October to November, 2020 with an interview-based questionnaire that included maternal socio-demographic and obstetrics characteristics, newborn's weight and sex. The data were analyzed with SPSS version 20. The prevalence of newborn anemia was shown in percentage and as a pie-chart. Bivariate analysis and binary logistic regression were used to identify the predictors of anemia in the term newborn.
The overall prevalence of newborn anemia in the hospital was 29.1%. Maternal anemia (AOR: 3.95, 95% C.I.: 1.97-7.92), delivery by cesarean section (AOR: 4.17, 95% C.I.: 1.89-9.20), vaginal bleeding during pregnancy (AOR: 5.43, 95% C.I.: 1.60-18.39), and maternal failure to take iron-folate supplements during pregnancy (AOR: 2.17, 95% C.I.:1.07-4.41) were factors associated with newborn anemia.
Anemia among newborns in the hospital was a moderate public health problem. Policy makers should consider maternal health education and appropriate health interventions to reduce the problem. In addition, further longitudinal studies are needed to identify specific causes of newborn anemia in order to prevent the possible complications.
贫血是一个全球性的公共卫生问题，影响着全球约三分之一的人口。婴儿和儿童是因贫血而出现短期和长期严重并发症的人群。尽管贫血是一个非常重大的公共卫生问题，但新生儿，尤其是在发展中国家，通常被忽视且未得到诊断。
本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚西部内克梅特专科医院足月新生儿贫血的患病率及相关因素。
2020年10月至11月，在一家医疗机构开展了一项涉及278名新生儿的横断面研究，采用基于访谈的问卷，内容包括母亲的社会人口统计学和产科特征、新生儿体重和性别。数据用SPSS 20版进行分析。新生儿贫血的患病率以百分比和饼图形式呈现。采用双变量分析和二元逻辑回归来确定足月新生儿贫血的预测因素。
该医院新生儿贫血的总体患病率为29.1%。母亲贫血（比值比：3.95，95%置信区间：1.97 - 7.92）、剖宫产分娩（比值比：4.17，95%置信区间：1.89 - 9.20）、孕期阴道出血（比值比：5.43，95%置信区间：1.60 - 18.39）以及母亲孕期未服用铁叶酸补充剂（比值比：2.17，95%置信区间：1.07 - 4.41）是与新生儿贫血相关的因素。
该医院新生儿贫血是一个中度的公共卫生问题。政策制定者应考虑开展母亲健康教育和适当的健康干预措施以减少该问题。此外，需要进一步开展纵向研究以确定新生儿贫血的具体原因，从而预防可能出现的并发症。
