College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China.
College of Resource and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266000, China; College of Natural Resource and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China.
Environ Pollut. 2022 Sep 1;308:119616. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119616. Epub 2022 Jun 11.
Excessive fertilization leads to high nitrogen (N) leaching under intensive plastic-shed vegetable production systems, and thereby results in the contaminations of ground or surface water. Therefore, it is urgent to develop cost-effective strategies of nitrogen management to overcome these obstacles. A 15-year experiment in annual double-cropping systems was conducted to explore impacts of N application rate and straw amendment on mineral N leaching loss in plastic-shed greenhouse. The results showed that seasonal mineral N leaching was up to 103.4-603.4 kg N ha, accounting for 12%-41% of total N input under conventional N fertilization management. However, optimized N application rates by 47% and straw addition obviously decreased mineral N leaching by 4%-86%, while had no negative impacts on N uptake and tomato yields. These large decreases of N leaching loss were mainly due to the reduced leachate amount and followed by N concentration in leachate, which was supported by improved soil water holding capacity after optimizing N application rates and straw addition. On average, 52% of water leachate and 55% of mineral N leaching simultaneously occurred within 40 days after planting, further indicating the dominant role of water leakage in regulating mineral N leaching loss. Moreover, decreasing mineral N leaching was beneficial for reducing leaching loss of base cations. Therefore, optimized N application rates and straw amendment effectively alleviates mineral N leaching losses mainly by controlling the water leakage without yield loss in plastic-shed greenhouse, making this strategy promising and interesting from environmental and economical viewpoints.
过量施肥会导致集约化塑料大棚蔬菜生产系统中氮素（N）淋溶损失增加，从而污染地下水或地表水。因此，迫切需要开发具有成本效益的氮素管理策略来克服这些障碍。本研究通过在 15 年的周年双茬种植制度中开展田间试验，探索了施氮量和秸秆还田对塑料大棚温室中矿质 N 淋失的影响。结果表明，在常规施氮管理下，季节性矿质 N 淋失高达 103.4-603.4 kg N ha-1，占总 N 投入的 12%-41%。然而，通过优化 47%的施氮量和添加秸秆，明显减少了 4%-86%的矿质 N 淋失，同时对 N 吸收和番茄产量没有负面影响。矿质 N 淋失减少主要归因于减少了淋溶液量和淋溶液中 N 浓度，这是通过优化施氮量和添加秸秆提高土壤持水能力来实现的。平均而言，52%的水淋失和 55%的矿质 N 淋失同时发生在种植后 40 天内，进一步表明水分渗漏在调控矿质 N 淋失损失中的主导作用。此外，减少矿质 N 淋失有利于减少基础阳离子的淋失损失。因此，优化施氮量和秸秆还田通过控制水渗漏而不损失产量，有效地减轻了塑料大棚温室中矿质 N 淋失损失，从环境和经济角度来看，这一策略具有很大的潜力和吸引力。
