Bazzoni Emanuela, Cacciotto Carla, Zobba Rosanna, Pittau Marco, Martella Vito, Alberti Alberto
Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Mediterranean Center for Disease Control, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Oct 21;14(20):3043. doi: 10.3390/ani14203043.
In this review, we tentatively tried to connect the most recent findings on the bat microbiome and to investigate on their microbial communities, that may vary even in conspecific hosts and are influenced by host physiology, feeding behavior and diet, social interactions, but also by habitat diversity and climate change. From a conservation perspective, understanding the potentially negative and indirect effects of habitat destruction on animal microbiota can also play a crucial role in the conservation and management of the host itself. According to the One Health concept, which recognizes an interdependence between humans, animals, and the environment, bat microbiota represents an indicator of host and environmental health, besides allowing for evaluation of the risk of emerging infectious diseases. We noticed that a growing number of studies suggest that animal microbiota may respond in various ways to changes in land use, particularly when such changes lead to altered or deficient food resources. We have highlighted that the current literature is strongly focused on the initial phase of investigating the microbial communities found in from various habitats. However, there are gaps in effectively assessing the impacts of pathogens and microbial communities in general in animal conservation, veterinary, and public health. A deeper understanding of bat microbiomes is paramount to the implementation of correct habitat and host management and to the development of effective surveillance protocols worldwide.
在本综述中，我们尝试初步梳理关于蝙蝠微生物组的最新研究结果，并对其微生物群落展开研究。这些微生物群落即使在同种宿主中也可能存在差异，且受到宿主生理状态、摄食行为与饮食、社会互动的影响，同时也受栖息地多样性和气候变化的影响。从保护角度来看，了解栖息地破坏对动物微生物群的潜在负面和间接影响，对于宿主本身的保护和管理也可能起到关键作用。根据“同一健康”概念，该概念认识到人类、动物和环境之间相互依存，蝙蝠微生物群除了有助于评估新发传染病风险外，还是宿主和环境健康的一个指标。我们注意到，越来越多的研究表明，动物微生物群可能会以各种方式对土地利用变化做出反应，尤其是当这种变化导致食物资源改变或不足时。我们强调，目前的文献主要集中在调查来自不同栖息地的微生物群落的初始阶段。然而，在有效评估病原体和微生物群落对动物保护、兽医和公共卫生的总体影响方面仍存在空白。深入了解蝙蝠微生物组对于在全球范围内实施正确的栖息地和宿主管理以及制定有效的监测方案至关重要。
