Money Matters in Psychiatric Assessment, Case Formulation, Treatment Planning, and Ongoing Psychotherapy: Clinical Psychoeconomics.

Trainees often receive little guidance concerning money matters in patients' lives and treatment, that is, clinical psycho-economics. Accordingly, this article considers: a) practical approaches to inquiring about intrapsychic and interpersonal influences of money matters pertinent to psychiatric assessment; b) how money matters should impact case formulation; c) how money matters realistically impact treatment planning; and d) money matters in ongoing psychotherapy affecting transference, countertransference, and clinical supervision. To supplement their clinical experiences, the authors conducted a limited narrative review via PubMed, followed by snowballing for articles of interest. Evidence suggests that money matters influencing intrapsychic and interpersonal lives commonly cause emotional distress, generating a range of dysfunctional behaviors. These reactions manifest as explicit conflicts, implicit issues, and unequivocal money-related pathologies. Clinical vignettes illustrate specific issues. By explicitly addressing money matters in patient's intrapsychic and interpersonal lives, trainees can enrich their assessments, case formulations, treatment planning, and ongoing psychotherapy.