Sevalho Gil
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil.
Cad Saude Publica. 2022 Jun 8;38(6):e00243421. doi: 10.1590/0102-311XPT243421. eCollection 2022.
This epistemological essay aims to inform about contributions of postcolonial and decolonial criticisms to the contextualization of the concept of culture in Epidemiology. The postcolonial, based on the questioning of the British imperialism, and the decolonial thought, of Latin American origin, reveal the persistence of coloniality in culture and science. Culture with its symbolic dimension encompassing diverse meanings ranging from conservation to change and creating hierarchies that favor oppression is a polysemic concept with interdisciplinary motion since Anthropology studies. The text outlines the perspective and shape of the gaze, emphasizing the essay format: the concept of culture is presented; the relation between post- and decolonial thought and culture are indicated as relevant to epidemiology; the use of the concept is approached in the interdisciplinarity between Anthropology and Epidemiology, reviewing proposals close to the reflection on colonization; and the potential contributions in epistemic appreciation on Epidemiology and the concept of culture are summarized. Colonizing ties as the sense of domination of nature, subordination to Western biomedicine, the use of classifications and variables forged according to binarized hierarchization and oppositions, and the disregard of popular knowledge can be exposed by postcolonial and decolonial criticisms in the bases of Collective Health, and especially in hegemonic theoretical-conceptual epidemiological ordering formulated according to cultural patterns foreign to local realities. Postcolonial and decolonial criticisms can reveal the presence of scientific and cultural racism concealed in Epidemiology.
这篇认识论文章旨在介绍后殖民批评和去殖民批评对流行病学中文化概念情境化的贡献。基于对英帝国主义质疑的后殖民批评以及源自拉丁美洲的去殖民思想，揭示了文化和科学中殖民性的持续存在。自人类学研究以来，文化以其象征维度包含从保守到变革等多样含义，并创造有利于压迫的等级制度，是一个具有跨学科动态的多义概念。本文概述了审视的视角和形态，强调文章的形式：呈现文化概念；指出后殖民和去殖民思想与文化的关系对流行病学具有相关性；探讨该概念在人类学与流行病学跨学科中的应用，回顾与殖民化反思相近的提议；总结在认识论层面上对流行病学和文化概念的潜在贡献。后殖民和去殖民批评能够在集体健康的基础上，尤其是在根据与当地现实不符的文化模式制定的霸权理论概念性流行病学排序中，揭示诸如对自然的支配感、对西方医学的从属、使用根据二元等级化和对立构建的分类及变量以及对大众知识的忽视等殖民纽带。后殖民和去殖民批评能够揭示隐藏在流行病学中的科学和文化种族主义的存在。
