ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow, 226008, India.
Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, 226028, India.
World J Microbiol Biotechnol. 2022 Jun 16;38(8):139. doi: 10.1007/s11274-022-03319-z.
Tremendous benefits have been derived from the use of fungicides but excessive use of chemical fungicides not only posing threat to human and animal life but also contaminates the prevailing environment. Damage by pathogenic fungi alone causes significant damage to crops like maize, rice, wheat, soybeans, and potatoes. Therefore, it becomes imperative that these diseases are checked and controlled, for which chemical pesticides are being sprayed on plants extensively. Considering the devastating damage and toxicity, the global focus has taken a drift from synthetic chemicals to nature-friendly biological control agents. The present study focuses on the use of biological control agents particularly Trichoderma in sugarcane during Pokkah boeng infection. In the present experiment, twenty promising Trichoderma strains were evaluated for plant growth promotion, lytic enzymes, and physiological and biocontrol activity. Out of the twenty, four potential Trichoderma strains were assessed in the pot experiment viz. T. harzianum strain T28, T41 and T49 and T. aureoviride strain T38. The T. harzianum (T28) showed efficient plant growth-promoting traits as it produced IAA (20.67 µg/ml), phosphorus solubilization (18.57 µg/ml), and cell wall degrading enzymes such as chitinase (24.98 µg/ml) and β-glucanase (29.98 µg/ml). The interference of biocontrol agent T. harzianum (T28) controlled the disease by 73.55%. Apart from this, the inoculation of Trichoderma (T28) enhanced growth attributes including germination percentage (26.61%), mean tiller number (8.28 tiller/pot), individual cane length (241.5 cm), single cane weight (1.13 kg) and the number of milleable canes (6.00 cane/pot). Improvements in physiological activities at different growth stages of the sugarcane crop were observed based on the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) on the leaf surface, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and photosynthetic rate. Further, improvement in juice quality parameters was also observed as it recorded the highest brix, sucrose, and commercial cane sugar by 21.26%, 19.28%, and 13.50%, respectively, by applying T. harzianum strain T28. Thus, results proved that T. harzianum strain T28 may be an effective eco-friendly biocontrol tool for managing Pokkah boeng disease in sugarcane. This is the first report of the biocontrol potential of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium proliferatum causing Pokkah boeng disease in sugarcane.
从杀菌剂的使用中获得了巨大的益处，但过度使用化学杀菌剂不仅对人类和动物的生命构成威胁，而且还污染了现有的环境。仅致病性真菌的损害就会对玉米、水稻、小麦、大豆和土豆等作物造成重大损害。因此，必须检查和控制这些疾病，为此，正在广泛地向植物喷洒化学农药。考虑到破坏性和毒性，全球的重点已经从合成化学品转移到了对环境友好的生物防治剂上。本研究专注于在甘蔗感染 Pokkah boeng 期间使用生物防治剂，特别是木霉属。在本实验中，评估了二十种有前途的木霉属菌株的植物生长促进、裂解酶以及生理和生物防治活性。在这二十种中，四种潜在的木霉属菌株在盆栽实验中进行了评估，分别是哈茨木霉（T. harzianum）菌株 T28、T41 和 T49 以及淡紫拟青霉（T. aureoviride）菌株 T38。哈茨木霉（T28）表现出高效的植物生长促进特性，因为它产生了吲哚乙酸（20.67μg/ml）、磷溶解（18.57μg/ml）以及细胞壁降解酶，如几丁质酶（24.98μg/ml）和β-葡聚糖酶（29.98μg/ml）。生物防治剂哈茨木霉（T28）的接种控制了 73.55%的病害。除此之外，接种木霉（T28）还增强了包括发芽率（26.61%）、平均分蘖数（每盆 8.28 个分蘖）、单个蔗茎长度（241.5cm）、单个蔗茎重量（1.13kg）和可碾磨蔗茎数（每盆 6.00 根）在内的生长属性。在甘蔗作物的不同生长阶段观察到了叶片表面的光合有效辐射（PAR）、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和光合速率等生理活性的提高。此外，还观察到了汁液质量参数的提高，因为它记录了最高的比甜度、蔗糖和商业可榨汁糖，分别提高了 21.26%、19.28%和 13.50%，这是通过应用哈茨木霉（T28）菌株实现的。因此，结果证明哈茨木霉（T28）菌株可能是一种有效的环保型生物防治工具，可用于防治甘蔗上的 Pokkah boeng 病。这是首次报道木霉属对引起 Pokkah boeng 病的尖孢镰刀菌具有生物防治潜力。
