Brizuela Alexandri María, Gálvez Laura, Arroyo Juan Manuel, Sánchez Silvia, Palmero Daniel
Department of Agricultural Production, Escuela Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Plants (Basel). 2023 Aug 1;12(15):2846. doi: 10.3390/plants12152846.
Among the key diseases affecting the asparagus crop ( L.), vascular wilting of asparagus caused by f. sp. stands out worldwide. This disease significantly shortens the longevity of the crop and limits economic production. Traditional control measures have been largely ineffective, and chemical control methods are difficult to apply, making biological control approaches, specifically the use of , an economical, effective, and risk-free alternative. This study aimed to identify the main factors that affect the efficacy of biopesticides studied as Biological Control Agents (BCAs) against Fusarium wilt in asparagus and to assess the efficacy of -based biopesticides under greenhouse and semi-field conditions. We evaluated the response of three spp. (, , and ) to environmental variables, such as temperature and water activity, and their antagonistic capacity against f. sp. . All three species inhibited the growth of the pathogen in vitro. A decrease in water activity led to a greater reduction in the growth rate. The efficacy of the three biological control agents decreased with higher temperatures, resulting in minimal inhibition, particularly under conditions of restricted available water in the environment. The effect of the fungal inoculum density was also analyzed at two different temperatures. A direct correlation between the amount of inoculum and the score on the Disease Severity Index (DSI) was observed. A notable reduction in DSI was evident in treatments with high inoculum density (10 conidium/mL) for all three species of tested at both temperatures. In greenhouse and semi-field tests, we observed less disease control than expected, although and showed lower disease severity indices and increased the dry weight of seedlings and crowns, whereas resulted in the highest disease rate and lowest dry weight. This work highlights that the efficacy of as BCAs is influenced by various factors, including the quantity of soil inocula, and environmental conditions. The study findings have strong implications for selecting appropriate species for controlling specific pathogens under specific environmental conditions.
在影响芦笋（L.）作物的主要病害中，由f. sp.引起的芦笋维管束萎蔫病在全球范围内较为突出。这种病害显著缩短了作物的寿命并限制了经济产量。传统的防治措施大多无效，化学防治方法难以应用，这使得生物防治方法，特别是使用，成为一种经济、有效且无风险的替代方法。本研究旨在确定影响作为生物防治剂（BCAs）的生物农药对芦笋枯萎病防治效果的主要因素，并评估基于的生物农药在温室和半田间条件下的防治效果。我们评估了三种 spp.（、和）对温度和水分活度等环境变量的响应以及它们对f. sp. 的拮抗能力。所有这三种物种在体外均抑制了病原菌的生长。水分活度的降低导致生长速率的更大降低。三种生物防治剂的防治效果随温度升高而降低，导致抑制作用最小，特别是在环境中可用水分受限的条件下。还在两个不同温度下分析了真菌接种密度的影响。观察到接种量与病情严重指数（DSI）得分之间存在直接相关性。在两个温度下对所有三种测试的物种，高接种密度（10个分生孢子/毫升）处理的DSI均有显著降低。在温室和半田间试验中，我们观察到病害防治效果低于预期，尽管和显示出较低的病情严重指数并增加了幼苗和根茎的干重，而导致最高的发病率和最低的干重。这项工作强调，作为BCAs的防治效果受多种因素影响，包括土壤接种物数量和环境条件。研究结果对于在特定环境条件下选择合适的物种来控制特定病原菌具有重要意义。
