Wondemagegn Amsalu Taye, Mulu Abay
Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Department of Anatomy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Int J Gen Med. 2022 Jun 8;15:5533-5545. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S369408. eCollection 2022.
Scientific evidence regarding relationships between developmental status and nutritional status of children aged under five years old is scarce, particularly in Africa. Thus, the objective of the present study is to evaluate the relationships between nutritional status and developmental status among children aged under five in Gojjam, Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 390 child-mother pairs from December 1-30 2021. Developmental status, nutritional status and related data were collected using age and stage questionnaire 3rd edition (ASQ-3) and measurements of body dimensions and other physical characteristics. Body dimensions data was obtained by measurement of height and weight of children aged under five years. Logistic regression analysis was executed to identify factors related with poor child developmental status. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% CI was estimated to reveal the strength of association and statistical significance were declared at p-value less than 5%.
The overall prevalence of developmental delay in the current study among under five years children was 22.6%. Moreover, in this study the prevalence of stunting, wasting and being underweight was 36.3%, 14.2% and 20.3%, respectively. Developmental delay among under-five children was significantly associated with experiencing repeated diseases during pregnancy (AOR: 2.43; 95% CI:1.38, 4.28), short birth interval (AOR: 2.78; 95% CI :1.52, 5.09), stunting (AOR: 2.61;95% CI: 1.41, 4.84), wasting (AOR: 3.68;95% CI: 1.61, 8.37) and being underweight (COR: 3.28;95% CI: 1.91, 5.63).
The overall developmental delay prevalence among under-five children in the present study was 22.6%. The prevalence of stunting, wasting and being underweight was 36.3%, 14.2% and 20.3%, respectively. Maternal diseases, birth interval and nutritional status of children aged under five years were among the factors which revealed statistically significant associations with developmental delay of under-five children. We recommend the concerned body to work on improving maternal health status during pregnancy, to enable mothers to adequately space subsequent births, and to work on improving the nutritional status of women and children in the current study area in order to improve the developmental status of children aged under five.
关于五岁以下儿童发育状况与营养状况之间关系的科学证据匮乏，在非洲尤其如此。因此，本研究的目的是评估埃塞俄比亚戈贾姆地区五岁以下儿童营养状况与发育状况之间的关系。
于2021年12月1日至30日对390对儿童-母亲进行了一项横断面研究。使用第三版年龄与发育阶段问卷（ASQ-3）以及身体尺寸和其他身体特征测量收集发育状况、营养状况及相关数据。五岁以下儿童的身体尺寸数据通过测量身高和体重获得。进行逻辑回归分析以确定与儿童发育状况不佳相关的因素。估计调整后的优势比（AOR）和95%置信区间（CI）以揭示关联强度，p值小于5%时声明具有统计学意义。
本研究中五岁以下儿童发育迟缓的总体患病率为22.6%。此外，本研究中发育迟缓、消瘦和体重不足的患病率分别为36.3%、14.2%和20.3%。五岁以下儿童的发育迟缓与孕期经历反复疾病（AOR：2.43；95%CI：1.38，4.28）、生育间隔短（AOR：2.78；95%CI：1.52，5.09）、发育迟缓（AOR：2.61；95%CI：1.41，4.84）、消瘦（AOR：3.68；95%CI：1.61，8.37）和体重不足（COR：3.28；95%CI：1.91，5.63）显著相关。
本研究中五岁以下儿童发育迟缓的总体患病率为22.6%。发育迟缓、消瘦和体重不足的患病率分别为36.3%、14.2%和20.3%。母亲疾病、生育间隔和五岁以下儿童的营养状况是与五岁以下儿童发育迟缓显示出统计学显著关联的因素。我们建议相关机构努力改善孕期母亲的健康状况，使母亲能够适当地安排后续生育间隔，并努力改善本研究区域妇女和儿童的营养状况，以改善五岁以下儿童的发育状况。
