Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Czech Advanced Technology and Research Institute, Palacký University in Olomouc, Šlechtitelů 27, 783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic.
Chem Commun (Camb). 2022 Jun 30;58(53):7336-7350. doi: 10.1039/d2cc01694j.
MXenes and their related nanocomposites with superior physicochemical properties such as high surface area, ease of synthesis and functionalization, high drug loading capacity, collective therapy potentials, pH-triggered drug release behavior, high photothermal conversion, and excellent photodynamic efficiency have been explored as alluring materials in photomedicine; the application of photons in medicine is facilitated for imaging and various disease treatment methods such as photothermal cancer/tumor ablation. Non-invasive theranostic strategies with synergistic activities have been developed using photothermal, photodynamic, and magnetic therapies together with remotely controlled drug/gene delivery for the diagnosis and treatment of various malignant diseases. Photothermal/photodynamic therapy and photoacoustic imaging using MXene-based structures have shown great promise in cancer phototherapy. However, hybridization and surface functionalization should be further explored to obtain biocompatible MXene-based composites/platforms with unique properties, high stability, and improved functionality in photomedicine. Toxicological and long-term biosafety assessments as well as clinical translation evaluations ought to be given high priority in research. Although some limited studies have revealed the excellent potentials of MXenes and their derivatives in photomedicine, further steps should be taken towards extensive research and detailed analysis in the field of optimizing the properties and improving the performance of these materials with a clinical and industrial outlook. Optical biosensing platforms have been developed along with electrochemical sensors and wearable sensors constructed from MXenes and their derivatives; future studies warrant the comprehensive analysis of optical transduction aspects such as colorimetry, electrochemiluminescence, photoluminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, and surface plasmon resonance. Herein, the potentials of MXenes in photomedicine are deliberated encompassing important challenges and future research directions.
MXenes 及其相关纳米复合材料具有优越的物理化学性质，如高比表面积、易于合成和功能化、高载药能力、协同治疗潜力、pH 触发药物释放行为、高光热转换和优异的光动力效率，已被探索作为光医学中极具吸引力的材料；光子在医学中的应用得益于成像和各种疾病治疗方法，如光热癌症/肿瘤消融。通过光热、光动力和磁疗联合远程控制药物/基因递送，开发了具有协同活性的非侵入性治疗策略，用于诊断和治疗各种恶性疾病。基于 MXene 的结构的光热/光动力治疗和光声成像是癌症光疗中极具前景的方法。然而，为了获得具有独特性质、高稳定性和改善的光医学功能的生物相容性 MXene 基复合材料/平台，需要进一步探索杂化和表面功能化。在研究中，应高度优先考虑毒理学和长期生物安全性评估以及临床转化评估。尽管一些有限的研究揭示了 MXenes 及其衍生物在光医学中的优异潜力，但仍需要进一步研究和详细分析，以优化这些材料的性能并提高其在临床和工业方面的应用。已经开发了基于 MXenes 和它们的衍生物的光学生物传感平台以及电化学传感器和可穿戴传感器；未来的研究需要全面分析光学转换方面，如比色法、电化学发光、光致发光、表面增强拉曼散射和表面等离子体共振。本文讨论了 MXenes 在光医学中的应用潜力，包括重要的挑战和未来的研究方向。
