Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Science. 2022 Jun 17;376(6599):1287-1293. doi: 10.1126/science.abn0090. Epub 2022 Jun 16.
Advances in additive manufacturing techniques have enabled the creation of stimuli-responsive materials with designed three-dimensional (3D) architectures. Unlike biological systems in which functions such as sensing, actuation, and control are closely integrated, few architected materials have comparable system complexity. We report a design and manufacturing route to create a class of robotic metamaterials capable of motion with multiple degrees of freedom, amplification of strain in a prescribed direction in response to an electric field (and vice versa), and thus, programmed motions with self-sensing and feedback control. These robotic metamaterials consist of networks of piezoelectric, conductive, and structural elements interwoven into a designed 3D lattice. The resulting architected materials function as proprioceptive microrobots that actively sense and move.
增材制造技术的进步使具有设计三维（3D）结构的刺激响应材料的创造成为可能。与生物系统不同，生物系统中的传感、致动和控制等功能是紧密结合的，很少有设计好的材料具有可比的系统复杂性。我们报告了一种设计和制造路线，可以创建一类能够进行多自由度运动的机器人超材料，能够在电场作用下（反之亦然）在预定方向上放大应变，从而实现具有自感知和反馈控制的可编程运动。这些机器人超材料由交织成设计的 3D 晶格的压电、导电和结构元件网络组成。由此产生的设计材料可作为主动感知和移动的本体感觉微机器人。
