Benbenishty R
J Clin Psychol. 1987 Mar;43(2):231-6.
This study examines the gaps between role expectations and perceived reality of therapists and clients at two points in time in therapy: In the first and in subsequent sessions. Two subsamples were studied: 66 therapy sessions that were first meetings and 81 sessions at various points during the course of therapy (median = 9 months). Both therapists and clients in therapy dyads filled in the "expectation" and the "descriptions" parts of the Role Expectation and Preference Questionnaire. The main findings were that there was a consistent gap between expectations and perceived reality: Both therapists and clients expected behaviors to occur more than they perceived them to happen. In first sessions, the expectation-reality gap was larger for clients than for therapists. In subsequent sessions, however, the gaps became significantly smaller for clients, but remained almost the same for therapists.
首次治疗时和后续治疗时。研究了两个子样本：66次首次治疗会面以及治疗过程中不同时间点的81次会面（中位数 = 9个月）。治疗二元组中的治疗师和来访者都填写了角色期望与偏好问卷的“期望”和“描述”部分。主要研究结果是，期望与感知现实之间存在持续差距：治疗师和来访者都期望某些行为的发生频率高于他们实际感知到的发生频率。在首次治疗会面中，来访者的期望 - 现实差距比治疗师大。然而，在后续治疗会面中，来访者的差距显著缩小，但治疗师的差距几乎保持不变。
