Department of Optometry and Visual Science, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jun 17;12(1):10264. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-14461-x.
Empirical antimicrobial therapy is linked to a surge in antimicrobial resistant infections. However, an insight on the bacteria etiology of ocular infections is essential in the appropriation of choice of antimicrobial among clinicians, yet there remains a dearth of data from Ghana. We investigated the bacteria etiology of external ocular and periocular infections and antimicrobial treatment patterns among a Ghanaian ophthalmic population. A multicenter study design with purposive sampling approach was employed. Patients demographics and clinical data were collated using a pretested structure questionnaire. Cornea specimens and conjunctival swabs were obtained for bacterial isolation following standard protocols. About 95% (98/103) of ocular samples were positive for bacteria culture. The proportion of Gram-negative bacteria was 58.2%, and the predominant bacteria species were Pseudomonas aeruginosa 38.8% and Staphylococcus aureus 27.6%. Conjunctivitis 40.0% and keratitis 75.0% were mostly caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The routinely administered antimicrobial therapy were polymyxin B 41.2%, neomycin 35.1% and ciprofloxacin 31.6%. Participants demographic and clinical characteristics were unrelated with positive bacteria culture (p > 0.05). Our results showed a markedly high burden of ocular bacterial infections and variations in etiology. Bacterial infection-control and antimicrobial agent management programs should be urgently institutionalized to prevent the emergence of resistant infections.
经验性抗菌治疗与抗菌耐药感染的激增有关。然而，了解眼部感染的细菌病因对于临床医生选择抗菌药物至关重要，但加纳的数据仍然缺乏。我们调查了加纳眼科人群的外眼和眼周感染的细菌病因和抗菌治疗模式。采用多中心研究设计和目的性抽样方法。使用预先测试的结构问卷收集患者的人口统计学和临床数据。按照标准方案获取角膜标本和结膜拭子进行细菌分离。约 95%（98/103）的眼部样本培养出细菌。革兰氏阴性菌的比例为 58.2%，主要细菌种类为铜绿假单胞菌 38.8%和金黄色葡萄球菌 27.6%。结膜炎 40.0%和角膜炎 75.0%主要由铜绿假单胞菌引起。常规使用的抗菌治疗药物为多粘菌素 B 41.2%、新霉素 35.1%和环丙沙星 31.6%。参与者的人口统计学和临床特征与阳性细菌培养无关（p>0.05）。我们的结果表明，眼部细菌感染负担显著增加，病因也存在差异。应紧急建立细菌感染控制和抗菌药物管理计划，以防止耐药感染的出现。
