Kolpen Mette, Jensen Peter Østrup, Faurholt-Jepsen Daniel, Bjarnsholt Thomas
Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Costerton Biofilm Center, Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Biofilm. 2022 Jun 9;4:100080. doi: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2022.100080. eCollection 2022 Dec.
The significance of bacterial biofilm formation in chronic bacterial lung infections has long been recognized [1]. Likewise, chronic biofilm formation on medical devices is well accepted as a nidus for recurrent bacteremia [2,3]. Even though the prevailing paradigm relies on the dominance of planktonic bacteria in acute endobronchial infections, our understanding of the bacterial organization during acute infection is, so far, limited - virtually absent. However, by comparing similar clinical samples, we have recently demonstrated massive bacterial biofilm formation during acute lung infections resembling the immense bacterial biofilm formation during chronic lung infections. These findings pose major challenges to the basic paradigm of chronic infections being dominated by biofilm forming bacteria while acute infections are dominated by planktonic bacteria. As opposed to the similar high amount of bacterial biofilm found in chronic and acute lung infections, we found that the fast bacterial growth in acute lung infections differed from the slow bacterial growth in chronic lung infections. By highlighting these new findings, we review modes of improved treatment of biofilm infections and the relevance of bacterial growth rates for other bacterial biofilm infections than human lung infections.
长期以来，人们一直认识到细菌生物膜形成在慢性细菌性肺部感染中的重要性[1]。同样，医疗器械上形成的慢性生物膜被公认为是复发性菌血症的病灶[2,3]。尽管目前流行的范式认为急性支气管内感染中浮游细菌占主导地位，但到目前为止，我们对急性感染期间细菌组织的了解有限——几乎是空白。然而，通过比较相似的临床样本，我们最近证明了急性肺部感染期间会形成大量细菌生物膜，这类似于慢性肺部感染期间巨大的细菌生物膜形成。这些发现对慢性感染由形成生物膜的细菌主导而急性感染由浮游细菌主导的基本范式提出了重大挑战。与在慢性和急性肺部感染中发现的大量相似细菌生物膜不同，我们发现急性肺部感染中细菌的快速生长与慢性肺部感染中细菌的缓慢生长有所不同。通过强调这些新发现，我们回顾了改善生物膜感染治疗的模式以及细菌生长速率与除人类肺部感染之外的其他细菌生物膜感染的相关性。
