The Swedish Medical Products Agency, Uppsala, Sweden.
Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Ups J Med Sci. 2022 May 11;127. doi: 10.48101/ujms.v127.8533. eCollection 2022.
The burden of disease from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic is large; however, suicide affects the population year after year. From a public health perspective, it is important to not neglect contributors to the total burden of disease. The aim of this paper is to compare years of life lost (YLL) to suicide with those lost to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
A nationwide cohort study in 2020, in Sweden. YLL was measured as the sex- and age-specific remaining life expectancy at the time of the person's death based on the death risks that pertained to the Swedish population in 2019. YLL to suicide was compared to YLL to COVID-19 and presented by sex and age groups. Suicide deaths in 2020 were estimated as the annual average of suicides in 2015-2019.
Annual average of suicide was 1,565, whereof 1,076 (68.8%) men and 489 (31.2%) women. In 2020, 10,650 persons died of COVID-19, whereof 5,681 (53.3%) men and 4,969 (46.7%) women. Estimated total YLL to suicide and COVID-19 in 2020 was 53,237 and 90,116, respectively. The COVID-19 YLL to suicide YLL ratio in 2020 was 1.69 (90,116/53,237). Men accounted for 67.1% of suicide YLL and of 56.4% of COVID-19 YLL. Those 44 years or younger accounted for 60.3% of suicide YLL and 3.9% of COVID-19 YLL. Those 75 years and older accounted for 2.9% of suicide YLL and 60.9% of COVID-19 YLL. On average, each suicide generates 34 YLL (53,237/1,565), and each COVID-19 death generates 8.5 YLL (90,116/10,650).
YLL to suicide affects Sweden year after year, foremost attributable to the younger age groups, whereas YLL to COVID-19 is foremost attributable to the elderly. On average, each suicide generates four times more YLL than a COVID-19 death. Enormous efforts and resources have been put on tackling the pandemic, and without these, the burden would probably have been much larger. However, from a public health perspective, it is important to not neglect other contributors to the total burden of disease where national efforts also may have an impact.
严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2) 大流行造成的疾病负担很大；然而，自杀每年都会影响到人群。从公共卫生的角度来看，重要的是不要忽视导致总疾病负担的因素。本文的目的是比较因自杀导致的与因 2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 导致的损失寿命年 (YLL)。
2020 年在瑞典进行的一项全国队列研究。YLL 是根据 2019 年瑞典人口的死亡风险，测量死者当时的性别和年龄特定剩余预期寿命。自杀导致的 YLL 与 COVID-19 导致的 YLL 进行比较，并按性别和年龄组呈现。2020 年的自杀死亡人数估计为 2015-2019 年每年平均自杀人数。
年均自杀人数为 1565 人，其中男性 1076 人（68.8%），女性 489 人（31.2%）。2020 年，有 10650 人死于 COVID-19，其中男性 5681 人（53.3%），女性 4969 人（46.7%）。2020 年自杀和 COVID-19 的估计总 YLL 分别为 53237 和 90116。2020 年 COVID-19 的 YLL 与自杀的 YLL 比值为 1.69（90116/53237）。男性占自杀 YLL 的 67.1%和 COVID-19 YLL 的 56.4%。44 岁及以下的人占自杀 YLL 的 60.3%和 COVID-19 YLL 的 3.9%。75 岁及以上的人占自杀 YLL 的 2.9%和 COVID-19 YLL 的 60.9%。平均而言，每例自杀导致 34 个 YLL（53237/1565），每例 COVID-19 死亡导致 8.5 个 YLL（90116/10650）。
自杀导致的 YLL 每年都在影响瑞典，主要归因于年龄较小的年龄组，而 COVID-19 导致的 YLL 主要归因于老年人。平均而言，每例自杀导致的 YLL 是 COVID-19 死亡的四倍。为应对大流行，已经投入了巨大的努力和资源，如果没有这些，负担可能会更大。然而，从公共卫生的角度来看，重要的是不要忽视导致总疾病负担的其他因素，国家的努力也可能对这些因素产生影响。
