Schrier A M, Brady P M
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process. 1987 Apr;13(2):136-43.
The concept humans was studied in two experiments on rhesus monkeys, in each of which a two-choice simultaneous discrimination procedure was used. In Experiment 1, the choice was between scenes with humans and scenes without humans, with the slide set sizable enough that a large number of trials could be given without repeating any individual slide. Speed of categorization learning was faster and final level of performance was higher than in prior research in this laboratory involving a much smaller slide set. Experiment 2 was an attempt to obtain some information about the basis for the categorization by means of a series of probe trials. Probe trials involved slides of humans that were modified in one of several ways and slides in which monkeys or apes were present instead of humans. When paired with slides with humans, probe slides were seldom chosen, except when they showed a human rightside up in an upside down scene. In the latter case, choices were at the chance level. When paired with a slide with no humans in the scene, probe slides were usually chosen, except when they showed monkeys or apes or silhouettes of humans, in which case choices were again at the chance level. Possible reasons for the differences in results of category learning tests with pigeons and monkeys are discussed as are the implications of the probe tests for a concept interpretation of these results.
在对恒河猴进行的两项实验中研究了“人类”这一概念，每项实验都采用了二选一的同时辨别程序。在实验1中，选择是在有人类的场景和没有人类的场景之间进行，幻灯片集足够大，以至于可以进行大量试验而无需重复任何一张幻灯片。分类学习的速度比该实验室之前涉及小得多的幻灯片集的研究更快，最终的表现水平也更高。实验2试图通过一系列探测试验获取有关分类依据的一些信息。探测试验涉及以几种方式之一进行修改的人类幻灯片，以及存在猴子或猿类而不是人类的幻灯片。当与有人类的幻灯片配对时，探测幻灯片很少被选中，除非它们在倒置的场景中显示正面朝上的人类。在后一种情况下，选择是随机的。当与场景中没有人类的幻灯片配对时，探测幻灯片通常会被选中，除非它们显示猴子或猿类或人类轮廓，在这种情况下选择再次是随机的。讨论了鸽子和猴子分类学习测试结果差异的可能原因，以及探测测试对这些结果的概念解释的影响。
