Institute of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Department of Biotechnology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan.
Biomed Res Int. 2022 Jun 11;2022:2295017. doi: 10.1155/2022/2295017. eCollection 2022.
For dairy cattle, the period involving a shift from late pregnancy to early lactation termed transition or periparturient is an excruciating phase. Health-related disorders are likely to happen in this time frame. Timely postpartum and metabolic adjustments to this new physical state demands correct management strategies to fulfill the cow's needs for a successful transition to this phase. Among the management strategies, one of the most researched methods for managing transition-related stress is nutritional supplementation. Dietary components directly or indirectly affect the expression of various genes that are believed to be involved in various stress-related responses during this phase. Nutrigenomics, an interdisciplinary approach that combines nutritional science with omics technologies, opens new avenues for studying the genome's complicated interactions with food. This revolutionary technique emphasizes the importance of food-gene interactions on various physiological and metabolic mechanisms. In animal sciences, nutrigenomics aims to promote the welfare of livestock animals and enhance their commercially important qualities through nutritional interventions. To this end, an increasing volume of research shows that nutritional supplementation can be effectively used to manage the metabolic stress dairy cows undergo during the transition period. These nutritional supplements, including polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, dietary amino acids, and phytochemicals, have been shown to modulate energy homeostasis through different pathways, leading to addressing metabolic issues in transition cows.
对于奶牛来说，从妊娠后期到泌乳早期的过渡阶段，即所谓的围产期，是一个极其痛苦的阶段。在此期间，可能会发生与健康相关的疾病。为了使奶牛能够及时适应产后和代谢的变化，达到新的生理状态，需要采取正确的管理策略来满足奶牛成功过渡到这一阶段的需求。在管理策略中，研究最多的一种管理与过渡相关的应激的方法是营养补充。膳食成分直接或间接地影响各种基因的表达，这些基因被认为参与了这一阶段的各种应激反应。营养基因组学是一门将营养科学与组学技术相结合的交叉学科，为研究基因组与食物之间复杂的相互作用开辟了新的途径。这项革命性的技术强调了食物-基因相互作用对各种生理和代谢机制的重要性。在动物科学中，营养基因组学旨在通过营养干预来促进家畜的福利，并提高其具有商业重要性的品质。为此，越来越多的研究表明，营养补充可以有效地用于管理奶牛在过渡期经历的代谢应激。这些营养补充剂，包括多不饱和脂肪酸、维生素、膳食氨基酸和植物化学物质，已被证明通过不同途径调节能量平衡，从而解决过渡奶牛的代谢问题。
