Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
The Neuroscience Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Dev Dyn. 2023 Jan;252(1):27-60. doi: 10.1002/dvdy.512. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
One of the fundamental properties of a neuronal circuit is the map of its connections. The cellular and developmental processes that allow for the growth of axons and dendrites, selection of synaptic targets, and formation of functional synapses use neuronal surface receptors and their interactions with other surface receptors, secreted ligands, and matrix molecules. Spatiotemporal regulation of the expression of these receptors and cues allows for specificity in the developmental pathways that wire stereotyped circuits. The families of molecules controlling axon guidance and synapse formation are generally conserved across animals, with some important exceptions, which have consequences for neuronal connectivity. Here, we summarize the distribution of such molecules across multiple taxa, with a focus on model organisms, evolutionary processes that led to the multitude of such molecules, and functional consequences for the diversification or loss of these receptors.
神经元回路的基本特性之一是其连接图谱。允许轴突和树突生长、选择突触靶标以及形成功能性突触的细胞和发育过程，利用神经元表面受体及其与其他表面受体、分泌配体和基质分子的相互作用。这些受体和线索表达的时空调节允许在为定型回路布线的发育途径中具有特异性。控制轴突导向和突触形成的分子家族在动物中通常是保守的，但也有一些重要的例外，这对神经元连接有影响。在这里，我们总结了这些分子在多个分类群中的分布情况，重点是模式生物、导致如此多的分子出现的进化过程，以及这些受体多样化或缺失的功能后果。
