Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran.
Physiol Behav. 2022 Oct 1;254:113888. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113888. Epub 2022 Jun 18.
The effects of aerobic training (AT) on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and resistance training (RT) on muscular strength, are well known in older adults. However, less is known about the potential additive benefits of concurrent training (CT) versus AT or RT alone in this population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effects of CT, versus AT or RT, on CRF and muscular strength in middle-aged to older adults. PubMed and Web of Science were searched through October 2021 to identify randomized trials evaluating CT versus AT and/or RT in middle-aged and older adults (>50 yrs). Studies were included that measured CRF, using maximal or peak oxygen uptake (VO); and/or lower- and upper-body muscular strength measured using 1-repetition maximum (1RM) to 10RM tests during isoinertial contractions, or peak torque during isometric dynamometry or isokinetic dynamometry at 30 to 60°/s. Standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were determined using random or fixed effects models. Forty-nine studies involving 2,587 middle-aged to older participants with mean ages ranging from 55 to 88 years, were included in the meta-analysis. Results indicated that CT effectively increased VO (SMD: 0.77, p = 0.005, 12 intervention arms) when compared to RT. In addition, CT effectively increased lower- (SMD: 0.60, p = 0.001, 43 intervention arms) and upper-body (SMD: 0.57, p = 0.001, 28 intervention arms) muscular strength when compared to AT. However, there were no differences in VO (SMD: 0.09, p = 0.09, 33 intervention arms) between CT and AT, or in lower-body (SMD: 0.07, p = 0.48, 21 intervention arms) and upper-body (SMD: -0.07, p = 0.38, 17 intervention arms) muscular strength between CT and RT. Overall, CT was shown to be effective for increasing CRF and muscular strength in middle-aged to older adults and there was no negative effect on the magnitude of changes in these outcomes compared to either AT or RT alone. These results suggested that CT should be considered a viable strategy to improvement of CRF and muscular strength with aging.
有氧运动训练（AT）对心肺功能（CRF）的影响，以及抗阻训练（RT）对肌肉力量的影响，在老年人中已经得到了充分的证实。然而，关于在这一人群中，同时进行训练（CT）与单独进行 AT 或 RT 的潜在附加益处，人们知之甚少。我们进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以调查 CT 与 AT 或 RT 相比，对中年至老年人群的 CRF 和肌肉力量的影响。通过检索 PubMed 和 Web of Science，我们检索了截至 2021 年 10 月评估 CT 与 AT 和/或 RT 对中年和老年人（>50 岁）影响的随机试验。纳入的研究使用最大或峰值摄氧量（VO）测量 CRF；并/或使用等长收缩时的 1 次重复最大（1RM）至 10RM 测试或等速测力或等长测力时的 30 至 60°/s 下的峰值扭矩测量下半身和上半身肌肉力量。使用随机或固定效应模型确定标准化均数差（SMD）和 95%置信区间（95%CI）。荟萃分析纳入了 49 项研究，涉及 2587 名年龄在 55 至 88 岁之间的中年至老年参与者。结果表明，与 RT 相比，CT 能有效提高 VO（SMD：0.77，p=0.005，12 个干预组）。此外，与 AT 相比，CT 能有效提高下半身（SMD：0.60，p=0.001，43 个干预组）和上半身（SMD：0.57，p=0.001，28 个干预组）肌肉力量。然而，与 AT 相比，CT 对 VO（SMD：0.09，p=0.09，33 个干预组）或下半身（SMD：0.07，p=0.48，21 个干预组）和上半身（SMD：-0.07，p=0.38，17 个干预组）肌肉力量无差异。总体而言，CT 能有效提高中年至老年人群的 CRF 和肌肉力量，与单独进行 AT 或 RT 相比，对这些结果变化的幅度没有负面影响。这些结果表明，CT 应被视为改善与衰老相关的 CRF 和肌肉力量的可行策略。
