Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of Kashan, Kashan, Iran.
Centre for Perinatal Research, Academic Unit of Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
Nutr J. 2024 Jan 6;23(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s12937-023-00909-x.
Exercise training (Ex) and intermittent fasting (IF) are effective for improving body composition and cardiometabolic health overweight and obese adults, but whether combining Ex and IF induces additive or synergistic effects is less well established. We therefore, performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the combined versus independent effects of Ex and IF on body composition and cardiometabolic health in adults.
An electronic search was conducted in three main online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, from inception to March 9, 2023 for studies involving Ex plus IF trials versus standalone Ex and/or IF interventions in adults. Interventions had a duration of ≥ 2 weeks. Standardized (SMD) or weighted mean differences (WMD) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated in order to compare effects on body weight, body mass index (BMI), body fat lean body mass (LBM), visceral fat, and waist circumference. For cardiometabolic health, outcomes included fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure, and VOmax/peak.
Ex plus IF decreased body weight [WMD: -3.03 kg (95% CI: -3.44 to -2.61), p = 0.001], BMI [WMD: -1.12 kg.m (95% CI: -1.28 to -0.95), p = 0.001], body fat [SMD: -0.72 (95% CI: -1.23 to -0.21), p = 0.005], visceral fat [SMD: -0.34 (95% CI: -0.63 to -0.05), p = 0.01], and waist circumference [WMD: -2.63 cm (95% CI: -4.16 to -1.11), p = 0.001] more than Ex alone. However, changes in body composition and cardiometabolic health markers were not significantly different for Ex plus IF when compared with IF alone, with the exception of VOmax/peak [SMD: 0.55 (95% CI: 0.14 to 0.97), p = 0.009].
We demonstrate that a combination of Ex and IF produces superior changes in body composition, but not in markers of cardiometabolic health when compared with Ex or IF alone. Ex plus IF could therefore be effective for weight and fat loss but has no additive or synergistic effects for other cardiometabolic health markers.
运动训练（Ex）和间歇性禁食（IF）可有效改善超重和肥胖成年人的身体成分和心脏代谢健康，但 Ex 和 IF 的联合使用是否会产生附加或协同作用尚不清楚。因此，我们进行了一项系统评价和荟萃分析，以比较 Ex 和 IF 联合与单独使用对成年人身体成分和心脏代谢健康的影响。
从 2023 年 3 月 9 日起，我们在三个主要在线数据库（PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus）中进行了电子检索，以纳入涉及 Ex 加 IF 试验与单独的 Ex 和/或 IF 干预在成年人中的比较的研究。干预持续时间≥2 周。为了比较体重、体重指数（BMI）、体脂肪、瘦体重（LBM）、内脏脂肪和腰围的影响，计算了标准化（SMD）或加权均数差值（WMD）和 95%置信区间。对于心脏代谢健康，结果包括空腹血糖、胰岛素、总胆固醇（TC）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL）、收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）以及最大摄氧量/峰值。
Ex 加 IF 降低了体重[WMD：-3.03kg（95%CI：-3.44 至-2.61），p=0.001]、BMI[WMD：-1.12kg.m（95%CI：-1.28 至-0.95），p=0.001]、体脂肪[SMD：-0.72（95%CI：-1.23 至-0.21），p=0.005]、内脏脂肪[SMD：-0.34（95%CI：-0.63 至-0.05），p=0.01]和腰围[WMD：-2.63cm（95%CI：-4.16 至-1.11），p=0.001]，比单独 Ex 更有效。然而，与单独 IF 相比，Ex 加 IF 对身体成分和心脏代谢健康标志物的改变并不显著，除了最大摄氧量/峰值[SMD：0.55（95%CI：0.14 至 0.97），p=0.009]。
我们证明，Ex 和 IF 的联合使用可显著改善身体成分，但对单独 Ex 或 IF 对其他心脏代谢健康标志物的影响没有附加或协同作用。因此，Ex 加 IF 可能对减肥和减脂有效，但对其他心脏代谢健康标志物没有额外或协同作用。
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