Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, California, USA.
Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, California, USA.
Immunol Rev. 2022 Sep;310(1):27-46. doi: 10.1111/imr.13089. Epub 2022 Jun 22.
Immunological memory is the basis of protective immunity provided by vaccines and previous infections. Immunological memory can develop from multiple branches of the adaptive immune system, including CD4 T cells, CD8 T cells, B cells, and long-lasting antibody responses. Extraordinary progress has been made in understanding memory to SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 vaccines, addressing development; quantitative and qualitative features of different cellular and anatomical compartments; and durability of each cellular component and antibodies. Given the sophistication of the measurements; the size of the human studies; the use of longitudinal samples and cross-sectional studies; and head-to-head comparisons between infection and vaccines or between multiple vaccines, the understanding of immune memory for 1 year to SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccines already supersedes that of any other acute infectious disease. This knowledge may help inform public policies regarding COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccines, as well as the scientific development of future vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and other diseases.
免疫记忆是疫苗和既往感染提供保护性免疫的基础。免疫记忆可以来自适应性免疫系统的多个分支，包括 CD4 T 细胞、CD8 T 细胞、B 细胞和持久的抗体反应。人们在理解 SARS-CoV-2 感染和 COVID-19 疫苗的记忆方面取得了非凡的进展，涉及到发育、不同细胞和解剖部位的定量和定性特征，以及每种细胞成分和抗体的持久性。鉴于测量的复杂性、人类研究的规模、纵向样本和横断面研究的使用以及感染与疫苗之间或多种疫苗之间的直接比较，对 SARS-CoV-2 感染和疫苗 1 年内的免疫记忆的理解已经超过了任何其他急性传染病。这些知识可能有助于为 COVID-19 和 COVID-19 疫苗的公共政策提供信息，并为针对 SARS-CoV-2 和其他疾病的未来疫苗的科学发展提供信息。
