Social Determinants of Voice Outcomes: The Configurational Analysis of the Effects of LMX and Peer Relationships.

From the perspective of social relationships, this study extends the understanding of employee voice by examining voice outcomes, especially a voicer's influence in their work team. In particular, we explore how two different social relationships, LMX and peer relationship, separately and jointly affect the 'voice-influence' relationship. Drawing on social network theory, we propose that higher LMX and central positions in peer networks (i.e., centrality in the friendship network) strengthen the positive impact of voice on individual influence. From a sample of 128 employees from three firms in South Korea, we found that two types of voice (promotive and prohibitive) are positively related with individual influence. This study also found that LMX strengthened the positive effect of promotive voice on a voicer's influence. Moreover, LMX and peer relationship jointly affect the voice-influence relationship as follows: (1) a voicer with a high LMX-high centrality (in the peer network) is most influential within their team, (2) as for a low LMX-high centrality member, speaking up rather decreases individual influence. These results suggest that voice outcome is not unilateral. Rather, whose voice it is and where a voicer stands may matter more. We discussed the theoretical and practical implications of these findings in employee voice research.