Tavares Tomás, Tavares Jorge, León-Zerpa Federico A, Peñate-Suárez Baltasar, Ramos-Martín Alejandro
Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia e da Escola de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais, Universidade de Cabo Verde, Praia CP 279, Cape Verde.
Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad de las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain.
Membranes (Basel). 2022 Jun 13;12(6):613. doi: 10.3390/membranes12060613.
Reverse osmosis membranes could be reused in the same or another desalination plant by replacing the membranes in the dirtiest first positions with those in the least damaged last positions, also changing the best first stage membranes to the second and vice versa. The useful life of these membranes could be extended by chemical cleaning and giving them a second life in tertiary treatment plants, as well as reusing them in industrial processes where special reverse osmosis membranes are used and degrade rapidly, in processes with leachates from landfill waste, and also an interesting option is the oxidation of reverse osmosis elements to obtain nanofiltration, ultrafiltration or microfiltration membranes for the elimination of physical dirt. The main categories of recycling by thermal processing commonly used in the industry include incineration and pyrolysis to produce energy, gas and fuel. These processes can be applied to mixed plastic waste, such as the combination of materials used in the manufacture of reverse osmosis membranes. Recycling of reverse osmosis elements from desalination plants is shown to be an opportunity, and pioneering initiatives are already underway in Europe. Energy recovery via incineration is feasible but is not considered in line with the environmental, social and political problems it may generate. However, the recycling of reverse osmosis elements via the pyrolytic industry for fuel production can be centralized in a new industry already planned in the Macaronesia area, and all obsolete osmosis membranes can be sent there. This is a technically and economically viable business opportunity with a promising future in today's recycling market, as discussed in the article.
通过将最脏位置的反渗透膜与受损最小的最后位置的膜进行更换，同时将最佳的第一阶段膜更换为第二阶段膜，反之亦然，反渗透膜可在同一或另一海水淡化厂中重复使用。这些膜的使用寿命可通过化学清洗来延长，并使其在三级处理厂中获得第二次生命，还可在使用特殊反渗透膜且膜会迅速降解的工业过程中重复使用，在处理垃圾填埋场渗滤液的过程中重复使用，另外一个有趣的选择是将反渗透元件氧化以获得用于去除物理污垢的纳滤、超滤或微滤膜。工业中常用的热加工回收的主要类别包括焚烧和热解以产生能源、气体和燃料。这些过程可应用于混合塑料废物，例如用于制造反渗透膜的材料组合。海水淡化厂的反渗透元件回收显示出是一个机会，欧洲已经在开展开创性举措。通过焚烧进行能源回收是可行的，但由于可能产生的环境、社会和政治问题而未被考虑。然而，通过热解工业回收反渗透元件以生产燃料可以集中在马卡罗尼西亚地区已经规划的一个新行业中，所有过时的渗透膜都可以运往那里。如本文所讨论的，这是一个在当今回收市场具有光明前景的技术和经济上可行的商业机会。
