Sutaria Saurin R, Gori Sadakatali S, Morris James D, Xie Zhenzhen, Fu Xiao-An, Nantz Michael H
Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA.
Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
Metabolites. 2022 Jun 18;12(6):561. doi: 10.3390/metabo12060561.
The peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids is a widely recognized metabolic process that creates a complex mixture of volatile organic compounds including aldehydes. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen species in cancer cells promote random lipid peroxidation, which leads to a variety of aldehydes. In the case of lung cancer, many of these volatile aldehydes are exhaled and are of interest as potential markers of the disease. Relevant studies reporting aldehydes in the exhaled breath of lung cancer patients were collected for this review by searching the PubMed and SciFinder databases until 25 May 2022. Information on breath test results, including the biomarker collection, preconcentration, and quantification methods, was extracted and tabulated. Overall, 44 studies were included spanning a period of 34 years. The data show that, as a class, aldehydes are significantly elevated in the breath of lung cancer patients at all stages of the disease relative to healthy control subjects. The type of aldehyde detected and/or deemed to be a biomarker is highly dependent on the method of exhaled breath sampling and analysis. Unsaturated aldehydes, detected primarily when derivatized during preconcentration, are underrepresented as biomarkers given that they are also likely products of lipid peroxidation. Pentanal, hexanal, and heptanal were the most reported aldehydes in studies of exhaled breath from lung cancer patients.
不饱和脂肪酸的过氧化是一个广泛认可的代谢过程，它会产生包括醛类在内的挥发性有机化合物的复杂混合物。癌细胞中活性氧水平的升高会促进随机的脂质过氧化，进而产生多种醛类。就肺癌而言，其中许多挥发性醛类会被呼出，作为该疾病的潜在标志物备受关注。截至2022年5月25日，通过检索PubMed和SciFinder数据库，收集了有关肺癌患者呼出气体中醛类的相关研究用于本综述。提取并整理了有关呼气测试结果的信息，包括生物标志物的采集、预浓缩和定量方法。总体而言，共纳入了44项跨度为34年的研究。数据表明，作为一个类别，肺癌患者在疾病各个阶段的呼出气体中醛类水平相对于健康对照受试者均显著升高。检测到的和/或被视为生物标志物的醛类类型高度依赖于呼出气体的采样和分析方法。不饱和醛类主要在预浓缩过程中衍生化时被检测到，由于它们也可能是脂质过氧化的产物，因此作为生物标志物的代表性不足。戊醛、己醛和庚醛是肺癌患者呼出气体研究中报道最多的醛类。
