Rojas-García Alejandro, Fuentes Eduardo, Cádiz-Gurrea María de la Luz, Rodriguez Lyanne, Villegas-Aguilar María Del Carmen, Palomo Iván, Arráez-Román David, Segura-Carretero Antonio
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
Thrombosis Research Center, Medical Technology School, Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Immunohematology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad de Talca, Talca 3460000, Chile.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 May 25;11(6):1049. doi: 10.3390/antiox11061049.
Avocado seed and peel are the main by-products from avocado industrialisation, and account for nearly 30% of fruit weight. Although they are usually discarded, their high phenolic content has been deeply associated with several nutritional and functional benefits. Thus, for a comprehensive analytical evaluation of both semi-industrial extracts, various steps have been developed: tentative characterisation and quantification of the phenolic composition using HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS, determination of TPC and antioxidant activity by Folin-Ciocalteu, FRAP, TEAC and ORAC methods, evaluation of scavenging capacity against different ROS and measurement of the enzymatic inhibitory potential against potentially harmful enzymes. Finally, their bioactive potential was tested in a human platelet model where antiaggregatory activity was measured. Hence, 48 different compounds were identified, where flavonoids and procyanidins were the most representative groups. The higher TPC was found in avocado peel extract (190 ± 3 mg/g), which showed more antioxidant power and more capacity to decrease ROS generation than seed extract (60 ± 2 mg/g). In addition, both extracts showed enzymatic inhibition, especially against hyaluronidase, xanthine oxidase and acetylcholinesterase. Lastly, avocado peel was proven to inhibit platelet aggregation with significant results at 1, 0.75 and 0.5 mg/mL, where the extract showed reducing effects on agonists' expression such as p-selectin or GPIIb/IIIa complex. These results demonstrate that both semi-industrial extracts-above all, avocado peel-have an interesting potential to be exploited as a natural by-product with antioxidant properties with multiple applications for the prevention of different pathologies.
鳄梨种子和果皮是鳄梨产业化过程中的主要副产品，占果实重量的近30%。尽管它们通常被丢弃，但其高酚含量与多种营养和功能益处密切相关。因此，为了对这两种半工业提取物进行全面的分析评估，已开发了多个步骤：使用HPLC-ESI-qTOF-MS对酚类成分进行初步表征和定量，通过福林-西奥尔特法、FRAP、TEAC和ORAC方法测定总酚含量（TPC）和抗氧化活性，评估对不同活性氧（ROS）的清除能力以及测量对潜在有害酶的酶抑制潜力。最后，在人体血小板模型中测试了它们的生物活性潜力，测量了抗聚集活性。因此，共鉴定出48种不同的化合物，其中黄酮类化合物和原花青素是最具代表性的类别。鳄梨果皮提取物中的总酚含量更高（190±3毫克/克），与种子提取物（60±2毫克/克）相比，其抗氧化能力更强，降低活性氧生成的能力也更强。此外，两种提取物均表现出酶抑制作用，尤其是对透明质酸酶、黄嘌呤氧化酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶。最后，事实证明鳄梨果皮在1、0.75和0.5毫克/毫升时能抑制血小板聚集，该提取物对p-选择素或糖蛋白IIb/IIIa复合物等激动剂的表达有降低作用。这些结果表明，这两种半工业提取物——尤其是鳄梨果皮——具有作为具有抗氧化特性的天然副产品被开发利用的有趣潜力，可用于预防多种不同病症。
