Martínez-Zamora Lorena, Bueso María Carmen, Kessler Mathieu, Zapata Rosa, Gómez Perla A, Artés-Hernández Francisco
Postharvest and Refrigeration Group, Department of Agricultural Engineering & Institute of Plant Biotechnology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Murcia, Spain.
Department of Food Technology, Nutrition, and Food Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Murcia, 30071 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
Foods. 2025 Jul 10;14(14):2431. doi: 10.3390/foods14142431.
Avocado () peels account for ~20% of the fruit weight and are rich in bioactive compounds, offering significant revalorization potential. This study optimized the extraction parameters of phenolics using ultrasound- (UAE) and microwave-assisted technologies (MAE) with a Central Composite Design (CCD).
The extraction variables included EtOH concentration (0-100%), temperature (13-47 °C for UAE and 55-95 °C for MAE), and time (3-37 min for UAE and 3-27 min for MAE). Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total phenolic compounds (TPC) were measured, while individual phenolics were analyzed via HPLC/MS.
EtOH concentration was the most influential variable, with optimal conditions involving 94.55% EtOH and moderate temperatures over short times (45 °C for 5 min in UAE and 67 °C for 12 min in MAE). Both techniques yielded comparable results for effective conditions, though MAE required higher temperatures and longer times. In this sense, the data show that UAE extracted higher concentrations of procyanidins (+15%), demonstrating superior performance using a lower time and temperature, making it more efficient.
UAE and MAE effectively extract antioxidants, promoting sustainability in the agri-food sector.
鳄梨果皮占果实重量的约20%，富含生物活性化合物，具有显著的再利用潜力。本研究采用中心复合设计（CCD），利用超声辅助提取（UAE）和微波辅助提取（MAE）技术优化酚类化合物的提取参数。
提取变量包括乙醇浓度（0-100%）、温度（UAE为13-47℃，MAE为55-95℃）和时间（UAE为3-37分钟，MAE为3-27分钟）。测定了总抗氧化能力（TAC）和总酚化合物（TPC），并通过HPLC/MS分析了单个酚类化合物。
乙醇浓度是最具影响力的变量，最佳条件包括94.55%的乙醇和短时间的适度温度（UAE为45℃，5分钟；MAE为67℃，12分钟）。在有效条件下，两种技术都产生了可比的结果，尽管MAE需要更高的温度和更长的时间。从这个意义上说，数据表明UAE提取的原花青素浓度更高（+15%），在较低的时间和温度下表现更优，使其更高效。
UAE和MAE能有效提取抗氧化剂，促进农业食品领域的可持续发展。
